Thacianna Barreto Da Costa1,2, Natália Gomes De Morais3,4, Joana Maria Bezerra De Lira4, Thays Miranda De Almeida5, Suênia Da Cunha Gonçalves-De-Albuquerque5, Valéria Rêgo Alves Pereira5, Milena De Paiva Cavalcanti5, Célia Maria Machado Barbosa De Castro3,4. 1. Department of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. thaciannabc@gmail.com. 2. Keizo Asami Laboratory of Immunopathology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil. thaciannabc@gmail.com. 3. Department of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. 4. Keizo Asami Laboratory of Immunopathology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil. 5. Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Campus Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of neonatal malnutrition followed by nutritional replacement on the signaling mechanisms developed by the inflammasome complex by analyzing the expression of the targeted TLR2, TLR4, NLRP3, caspase-1 and release of IL-1β and IL-18 by alveolar macrophages infected in vitro with Candida albicans. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n = 24), 90-120 days, were suckled by mothers whose diet during lactation contained 17 % protein in the nourish group and 8 % protein in the malnourished group. After weaning, both groups were fed a normal protein diet. Macrophages were obtained after tracheostomy, through the collection of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The quantification of the expression levels of targets (TLR2, TLR4, NLRP3 and caspase-1) was performed by real-time RT-PCR. Production of cytokines was performed by ELISA. RESULTS: The malnourished animals during lactation showed reduced body weight from the fifth day of life, remaining until adulthood. Further, the model applied malnutrition induced a lower expression of TLR4 and caspase-1. The quantification of the TLR2 and NLRP3, as well as the release of IL-1β and IL-18, was not different between groups of animals nourished and malnourished. The system challenged with Candida albicans showed high expression levels of all targets in the study. CONCLUSIONS: The tests demonstrate nutritional restriction during critical periods of development, although nutritional supplementation may compromise defense patterns in adulthood in a timely manner, preserving distinct signaling mechanism, so that the individual does not become widely vulnerable to infections by opportunistic pathogens.
PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of neonatal malnutrition followed by nutritional replacement on the signaling mechanisms developed by the inflammasome complex by analyzing the expression of the targeted TLR2, TLR4, NLRP3, caspase-1 and release of IL-1β and IL-18 by alveolar macrophages infected in vitro with Candida albicans. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n = 24), 90-120 days, were suckled by mothers whose diet during lactation contained 17 % protein in the nourish group and 8 % protein in the malnourished group. After weaning, both groups were fed a normal protein diet. Macrophages were obtained after tracheostomy, through the collection of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The quantification of the expression levels of targets (TLR2, TLR4, NLRP3 and caspase-1) was performed by real-time RT-PCR. Production of cytokines was performed by ELISA. RESULTS: The malnourished animals during lactation showed reduced body weight from the fifth day of life, remaining until adulthood. Further, the model applied malnutrition induced a lower expression of TLR4 and caspase-1. The quantification of the TLR2 and NLRP3, as well as the release of IL-1β and IL-18, was not different between groups of animals nourished and malnourished. The system challenged with Candida albicans showed high expression levels of all targets in the study. CONCLUSIONS: The tests demonstrate nutritional restriction during critical periods of development, although nutritional supplementation may compromise defense patterns in adulthood in a timely manner, preserving distinct signaling mechanism, so that the individual does not become widely vulnerable to infections by opportunistic pathogens.
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