In situ formation of fluorescent copper nanoparticles for ultrafast zero-background Cu2+ detection and its toxicides screening.

Copper pollution has become more and more serious in modern society as the increasing industrial emission and the acid mine drainage, and exposure to excess copper can result in damage to living organisms. Thus, the development of efficient strategy for copper ion (Cu(2+)) detection is very essential and significant. Here, a high-efficiency fluorescent method is proposed for Cu(2+) monitoring. The detection mechanism is based on the in situ formation of fluorescent copper nanoparticles (CuNPs). When the water sample is polluted by Cu(2+), fluorescence emission of CuNPs can be observed by a one-step manner, and the emission intensity is proportional to Cu(2+) concentration. Attractively, besides its advantages in operation and good detection capability, the generation of fluorescent signal is ultrafast, with a good signal response in 1 min; and there is no interference from background and other ions due to the in situ formation of signal unit. By virtue of its advantages, this strategy has been used to detect Cu(2+) from polluted tap and river water samples, good performances demonstrate that the proposed method can be practically applied for Cu(2+) monitoring in real drinking and environmental water. Simultaneously, great potential for Cu(2+) toxicides screening has been verified by direct analysis of the effects of different model molecules on Cu(2+), which will contribute to Cu(2+)-related sewage treatment and medical therapy.