PURPOSE: To describe wide-field imaging features of patients with congenital X-linked retinoschisis. METHODS: This is a retrospective nonconsecutive series of 36 eyes from 18 patients with congenital X-linked retinoschisis from 2008 to 2014. Wide-field color fundus photographs, optical coherence tomography images, and wide-field fluorescein angiography images were reviewed. Patients were classified to have either exudative or nonexudative retinoschisis based on the presence or absence of lipid exudates. RESULTS: Eleven eyes exhibited exudative retinoschisis (30%), whereas the remaining were nonexudative. Exudative disease occurred more commonly in older patients (14.4 vs. 4.0 years; P < 0.001). The most frequent location of exudation was the macula. Subretinal hemorrhage was present in 4 eyes (11%). Macular findings included an atypical foveal avascular zone in 7 eyes (19%) and submacular fibrosis or retinal folds in 6 eyes (17%). Peripheral characteristics included fibrosis or folds (11%), bridging vessels (8%), and vascular sheathing (8%). Thirteen of the 22 eyes (59%) demonstrated leakage on fluorescein angiography. CONCLUSION: Exudation may be more common in congenital X-linked retinoschisis than previously recognized. The presence of exudates with concurrent angiographic leakage suggests that exudation may be due to chronic vascular permeability and not solely caused by intraschisis hemorrhage, which has been classically described.
PURPOSE: To describe wide-field imaging features of patients with congenital X-linked retinoschisis. METHODS: This is a retrospective nonconsecutive series of 36 eyes from 18 patients with congenital X-linked retinoschisis from 2008 to 2014. Wide-field color fundus photographs, optical coherence tomography images, and wide-field fluorescein angiography images were reviewed. Patients were classified to have either exudative or nonexudative retinoschisis based on the presence or absence of lipid exudates. RESULTS: Eleven eyes exhibited exudative retinoschisis (30%), whereas the remaining were nonexudative. Exudative disease occurred more commonly in older patients (14.4 vs. 4.0 years; P < 0.001). The most frequent location of exudation was the macula. Subretinal hemorrhage was present in 4 eyes (11%). Macular findings included an atypical foveal avascular zone in 7 eyes (19%) and submacular fibrosis or retinal folds in 6 eyes (17%). Peripheral characteristics included fibrosis or folds (11%), bridging vessels (8%), and vascular sheathing (8%). Thirteen of the 22 eyes (59%) demonstrated leakage on fluorescein angiography. CONCLUSION: Exudation may be more common in congenital X-linked retinoschisis than previously recognized. The presence of exudates with concurrent angiographic leakage suggests that exudation may be due to chronic vascular permeability and not solely caused by intraschisis hemorrhage, which has been classically described.
Authors: Francesco Stringa; Emmanouli Tsamis; Alessandro Papayannis; Katarzyna Chwiejczak; Assad Jalil; Susmito Biswas; Hassan Ahmad; Paulo Eduardo Stanga Journal: Int Med Case Rep J Date: 2017-10-11