David Assaad1, David Wong2, Mikel Mikhail3, Sherri Tawfik4, Filiberto Altomare2, Alan Berger2, David Chow2, Louis Giavedoni2. 1. Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.,. Electronic address: david.assaad@utoronto.ca. 2. Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.. 3. Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, Montreal, Que.. 4. Department of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the spectrum and sensitivity patterns of bacterial isolates derived from all culture-positive aqueous and vitreous samples submitted for culture and sensitivity analysis at our institution over a 10-year period. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 368 culture-positive aqueous and vitreous samples from 265 patients were reviewed. METHODS: Over a decade extending from January 2000 through December 2009, all culture-positive aqueous and vitreous specimens at our institution were identified. Isolated bacterial pathogens and their in vitro antibiotic sensitivities were analyzed. RESULTS: Approximately 86.4% of patients had positive cultures for either staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci [CNS]) or streptococci. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated in only 9.8% of patients. From 2000 to 2004, 81.2% and 55.9% of CNS isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and cefazolin, respectively, compared with 41.2% and 23.5% of isolates in the last 5 years. Over the study period, ceftazidime retained 100% efficacy against the gram-negative isolates tested. Vancomycin was 99.6% effective against the gram-positive isolates tested. CONCLUSIONS: The microbiology of pathogens in endophthalmitis is evolving, with an increase in streptococcal isolates and a decrease in CNS. The apparent lack of efficacy of conventionally used antibiotics and the emergence of increasingly resistant strains of bacteria may have significant implications in the management of bacterial endophthalmitis.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the spectrum and sensitivity patterns of bacterial isolates derived from all culture-positive aqueous and vitreous samples submitted for culture and sensitivity analysis at our institution over a 10-year period. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 368 culture-positive aqueous and vitreous samples from 265 patients were reviewed. METHODS: Over a decade extending from January 2000 through December 2009, all culture-positive aqueous and vitreous specimens at our institution were identified. Isolated bacterial pathogens and their in vitro antibiotic sensitivities were analyzed. RESULTS: Approximately 86.4% of patients had positive cultures for either staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci [CNS]) or streptococci. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated in only 9.8% of patients. From 2000 to 2004, 81.2% and 55.9% of CNS isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and cefazolin, respectively, compared with 41.2% and 23.5% of isolates in the last 5 years. Over the study period, ceftazidime retained 100% efficacy against the gram-negative isolates tested. Vancomycin was 99.6% effective against the gram-positive isolates tested. CONCLUSIONS: The microbiology of pathogens in endophthalmitis is evolving, with an increase in streptococcal isolates and a decrease in CNS. The apparent lack of efficacy of conventionally used antibiotics and the emergence of increasingly resistant strains of bacteria may have significant implications in the management of bacterial endophthalmitis.