Ying-Chen Chi1, Hyun-Ling Wu2, Chih-Pang Chu3, Ming-Chyi Huang4, Pei-Chen Lee5, Ying-Yeh Chen6. 1. Department of Education & Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Information Management, University of Kang Ning, Taipei City, Taiwan. 2. National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City, Taiwan. 3. Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan. 4. Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan. 5. National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City, Taiwan. Electronic address: pcl0807@gmail.com. 6. Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health and Department of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan. Electronic address: ychen@tpech.gov.tw.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Studies investigating the relationship between head injury and the subsequent onset of affective disorders often show conflicting results. AIMS: To investigate the risk of affective disorders following traumatic brain injury in a large Taiwanese cohort. METHOD: This retrospective cohort study makes use of the National Health Insurance Research Database. A cohort containing 68,376 individuals who experienced traumatic brain injury (TBI) during 2000-2010 and had no prior history of mental disorders before the injury was identified. Using Cox Proportional Hazards regression, the subsequent risk of affective disorders was determined. RESULTS: TBI was associated with a higher risk of both bipolar disorder (Hazard Ratio [HR]=1.42, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]=[1.26, 1.59]) and major depression (HR=1.41, 95% CI=[1.28, 1.54]). More severe injury was associated with greater risk. The first year following the injury was the highest risk period for major depression, while the highest risk period for bipolar disorder was delayed until two to four years following the injury. LIMITATIONS: Using a claims database, we were unable to assess confounding variables that were not contained in the data set. CONCLUSIONS: The elevated risks of affective disorders after TBI speak to the psychiatric need of individuals who suffer from brain injury. Early detection and timely intervention may help prevent secondary and tertiary disability associated with head trauma.
BACKGROUND: Studies investigating the relationship between head injury and the subsequent onset of affective disorders often show conflicting results. AIMS: To investigate the risk of affective disorders following traumatic brain injury in a large Taiwanese cohort. METHOD: This retrospective cohort study makes use of the National Health Insurance Research Database. A cohort containing 68,376 individuals who experienced traumatic brain injury (TBI) during 2000-2010 and had no prior history of mental disorders before the injury was identified. Using Cox Proportional Hazards regression, the subsequent risk of affective disorders was determined. RESULTS: TBI was associated with a higher risk of both bipolar disorder (Hazard Ratio [HR]=1.42, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]=[1.26, 1.59]) and major depression (HR=1.41, 95% CI=[1.28, 1.54]). More severe injury was associated with greater risk. The first year following the injury was the highest risk period for major depression, while the highest risk period for bipolar disorder was delayed until two to four years following the injury. LIMITATIONS: Using a claims database, we were unable to assess confounding variables that were not contained in the data set. CONCLUSIONS: The elevated risks of affective disorders after TBI speak to the psychiatric need of individuals who suffer from brain injury. Early detection and timely intervention may help prevent secondary and tertiary disability associated with head trauma.
Authors: T W McGlennon; J N Buchwald; Walter J Pories; Fang Yu; Arthur Roberts; Eric P Ahnfeldt; Rukmini Menon; Henry Buchwald Journal: Obes Surg Date: 2021-01-06 Impact factor: 4.129
Authors: T W McGlennon; J N Buchwald; Walter J Pories; Fang Yu; Arthur Roberts; Eric P Ahnfeldt; Rukmini Menon; Henry Buchwald Journal: Obes Surg Date: 2020-10-30 Impact factor: 4.129
Authors: Ole Kristian Drange; Arne Einar Vaaler; Gunnar Morken; Ole Andreas Andreassen; Ulrik Fredrik Malt; Per Ivar Finseth Journal: Int J Bipolar Disord Date: 2018-09-10