Samantha V Young1, Evan Wood1,2, Huiru Dong2, Thomas Kerr1,2, Kanna Hayashi1,2. 1. Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 2. British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Abstract
AIMS: To estimate the relationship between daily alcohol use and HIV seroconversion among people who inject drugs (PWID) in a Canadian setting. DESIGN AND SETTING: Data from an open prospective cohort study of PWID in Vancouver, Canada, recruited via snowball sampling and street outreach between May 1996 and November 2013. An interviewer-administered questionnaire including standardized behavioural assessment and HIV antibody testing were conducted semi-annually. Baseline HIV-seronegative participants completing ≥ 1 follow-up visits were eligible for the present analysis. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1683 eligible participants, were followed for a median of 79.8 [interquartile range (IQR) = 33.3-119.1] months. MEASUREMENTS: The primary end-point was time to HIV seroconversion, with the date of HIV seroconversion estimated as the mid-point between the last negative and the first positive antibody test results. The primary explanatory variable was self-reported daily alcohol use in the previous 6 months assessed semiannually. Other covariates considered included demographic, behavioural, social/structural and environmental risk factors for HIV infection among PWID (e.g. daily cocaine injection, methadone use, etc.). FINDINGS: Of 1683 PWID, there were 176 HIV seroconversions during follow-up with an incidence density of 1.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.3-1.7] cases per 100 person-years. At baseline, 339 (20.1%) consumed alcohol at least daily in the previous 6 months. In multivariable extended Cox regression analyses, daily alcohol use remained associated independently with HIV seroconversion (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.48; 95% CI = 1.00-2.17). CONCLUSIONS: Daily alcohol use appears to be an independent risk factor for HIV seroconversion among our cohort of PWID.
AIMS: To estimate the relationship between daily alcohol use and HIV seroconversion among people who inject drugs (PWID) in a Canadian setting. DESIGN AND SETTING: Data from an open prospective cohort study of PWID in Vancouver, Canada, recruited via snowball sampling and street outreach between May 1996 and November 2013. An interviewer-administered questionnaire including standardized behavioural assessment and HIV antibody testing were conducted semi-annually. Baseline HIV-seronegative participants completing ≥ 1 follow-up visits were eligible for the present analysis. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1683 eligible participants, were followed for a median of 79.8 [interquartile range (IQR) = 33.3-119.1] months. MEASUREMENTS: The primary end-point was time to HIV seroconversion, with the date of HIV seroconversion estimated as the mid-point between the last negative and the first positive antibody test results. The primary explanatory variable was self-reported daily alcohol use in the previous 6 months assessed semiannually. Other covariates considered included demographic, behavioural, social/structural and environmental risk factors for HIV infection among PWID (e.g. daily cocaine injection, methadone use, etc.). FINDINGS: Of 1683 PWID, there were 176 HIV seroconversions during follow-up with an incidence density of 1.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.3-1.7] cases per 100 person-years. At baseline, 339 (20.1%) consumed alcohol at least daily in the previous 6 months. In multivariable extended Cox regression analyses, daily alcohol use remained associated independently with HIV seroconversion (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.48; 95% CI = 1.00-2.17). CONCLUSIONS: Daily alcohol use appears to be an independent risk factor for HIV seroconversion among our cohort of PWID.
Authors: D Vlahov; B Junge; R Brookmeyer; S Cohn; E Riley; H Armenian; P Beilenson Journal: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol Date: 1997-12-15
Authors: Jennifer V Campbell; Holly Hagan; Mary H Latka; Richard S Garfein; Elizabeth T Golub; Micaela H Coady; David L Thomas; Steffanie A Strathdee Journal: Drug Alcohol Depend Date: 2005-08-29 Impact factor: 4.492
Authors: Beryl A Koblin; Marla J Husnik; Grant Colfax; Yijian Huang; Maria Madison; Kenneth Mayer; Patrick J Barresi; Thomas J Coates; Margaret A Chesney; Susan Buchbinder Journal: AIDS Date: 2006-03-21 Impact factor: 4.177
Authors: Linda R Gowing; Robert L Ali; Steve Allsop; John Marsden; Elizabeth E Turf; Robert West; John Witton Journal: Addiction Date: 2015-06 Impact factor: 6.526
Authors: Evan Wood; Thomas Kerr; Brandon D L Marshall; Kathy Li; Ruth Zhang; Robert S Hogg; P Richard Harrigan; Julio S G Montaner Journal: BMJ Date: 2009-04-30
Authors: Olga V Toussova; Andrei P Kozlov; Sergei V Verevochkin; Kathryn E Lancaster; Alla V Shaboltas; Alexei Masharsky; Elena Dukhovlinova; William C Miller; Irving F Hoffman Journal: AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses Date: 2018-01-17 Impact factor: 2.205
Authors: Rebecca J Fisk; Veronica L Richards; Robert F Leeman; Babette Brumback; Christa Cook; Robert L Cook Journal: Subst Use Misuse Date: 2021-03-26 Impact factor: 2.164
Authors: Jan Klimas; Christopher Fairgrieve; Helen Tobin; Catherine-Anne Field; Clodagh Sm O'Gorman; Liam G Glynn; Eamon Keenan; Jean Saunders; Gerard Bury; Colum Dunne; Walter Cullen Journal: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Date: 2018-12-05
Authors: Omar Galárraga; Burke Gao; Benson N Gakinya; Debra A Klein; Richard G Wamai; John E Sidle; Rebecca K Papas Journal: BMC Health Serv Res Date: 2017-03-28 Impact factor: 2.655