OBJECTIVES: To evaluate if dietary vitamin D intake is adequate for sufficient vitamin D status during early winter in children living in Sweden, irrespective of latitude or skin color. METHODS: As part of a prospective, comparative, 2-center intervention study in northern (63°N) and southern (55°N) Sweden, dietary intake, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25(OH) D), associated laboratory variables, and sociodemographic data were studied in 5 to 7-year-old children with fair and dark skin in November and December. RESULTS: Two hundred six children with fair/dark skin were included, 44/41 and 64/57 children in northern and southern Sweden, respectively. Dietary vitamin D intake was higher in northern than southern Sweden (P = 0.001), irrespective of skin color, partly due to higher consumption of fortified foods, but only met 50-70% of national recommendations (10 μg/day). S-25(OH) D was higher in northern than southern Sweden, in children with fair (67 vs 59 nmol/L; P < 0.05) and dark skin (56 vs 42 nmol/L; P < 0.001). S-25(OH) D was lower in dark- than fair-skinned children at both sites (P < 0.01), and below 50 nmol/L in 40 and 75% of dark-skinned children in northern and southern Sweden, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Insufficient vitamin D status was common during early winter in children living in Sweden, particularly in those with dark skin. Although, higher dietary vitamin D intake in northern than southern Sweden attenuated the effects of latitude, a northern country of living combined with darker skin and vitamin D intake below recommendations are important risk factors for vitamin D insufficiency.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate if dietary vitamin D intake is adequate for sufficient vitamin D status during early winter in children living in Sweden, irrespective of latitude or skin color. METHODS: As part of a prospective, comparative, 2-center intervention study in northern (63°N) and southern (55°N) Sweden, dietary intake, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25(OH) D), associated laboratory variables, and sociodemographic data were studied in 5 to 7-year-old children with fair and dark skin in November and December. RESULTS: Two hundred six children with fair/dark skin were included, 44/41 and 64/57 children in northern and southern Sweden, respectively. Dietary vitamin D intake was higher in northern than southern Sweden (P = 0.001), irrespective of skin color, partly due to higher consumption of fortified foods, but only met 50-70% of national recommendations (10 μg/day). S-25(OH) D was higher in northern than southern Sweden, in children with fair (67 vs 59 nmol/L; P < 0.05) and dark skin (56 vs 42 nmol/L; P < 0.001). S-25(OH) D was lower in dark- than fair-skinned children at both sites (P < 0.01), and below 50 nmol/L in 40 and 75% of dark-skinned children in northern and southern Sweden, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Insufficient vitamin D status was common during early winter in children living in Sweden, particularly in those with dark skin. Although, higher dietary vitamin D intake in northern than southern Sweden attenuated the effects of latitude, a northern country of living combined with darker skin and vitamin D intake below recommendations are important risk factors for vitamin Dinsufficiency.
Authors: Ida M Grønborg; Inge Tetens; Laura Tripkovic; Inger Öhlund; Kevin D Cashman; Mairead E Kiely; Rikke Andersen; Susan A Lanham-New; Christel Lamberg-Allardt; Folasade A Adebayo; J Christopher Gallagher; Lynette M Smith; Jennifer M Sacheck; Qiushi Huang; Kimmie Ng; Chen Yuan; Edward L Giovannucci; Kumaravel Rajakumar; Charity G Patterson; Torbjörn Lind; Pia Karlsland Åkeson; Christian Ritz Journal: Eur J Nutr Date: 2021-10-27 Impact factor: 5.614
Authors: Sophie Moittié; Rachel Jarvis; Stephan Bandelow; Sarah Byrne; Phillipa Dobbs; Melissa Grant; Christopher Reeves; Kate White; Mátyás Liptovszky; Kerstin Baiker Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2022-10-21 Impact factor: 4.996
Authors: Reiko Nagasaka; Eleonora Swist; Kurtis Sarafin; Claude Gagnon; Isabelle Rondeau; Isabelle Massarelli; Winnie Cheung; Patrick Laffey; Stephen Pj Brooks; W M Nimal Ratnayake Journal: PLoS One Date: 2018-12-12 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Zeljka Karin; Barbara Gilic; Daniela Supe Domic; Zdenko Sarac; Katarina Ercegovic; Natasa Zenic; Ognjen Uljevic; Mia Peric; Josko Markic Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2018-11-08 Impact factor: 3.390