Jonathan Reisman1, Karen Rudolph2, Dana Bruden2, Debby Hurlburt2, Michael G Bruce2, Thomas Hennessy2. 1. Department of Internal Medicine-Pediatrics, Harvard-Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. 2. Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Alaska Native children have high invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) rates, and lack of in-home running water has been shown to have a significant association with infection. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines reduced IPD; however, this population saw substantial replacement disease and colonization with nonvaccine serotypes. We evaluated risk factors for nasopharyngeal pneumococcal colonization in Alaska Native adults and children. METHODS: We conducted annual surveys from 2008 through 2011 of residents of all ages in 8 rural Alaskan villages. Interviews were conducted, medical charts were reviewed, and nasopharyngeal swabs were cultured for Streptococcus pneumoniae. Multivariate logistic regression models were developed for 3 age groups (under 10 years, 10-17 years, and 18 years and older) to determine risk factors for colonization. RESULTS: We obtained 12 535 nasopharyngeal swabs from 4980 participants. Our population lived in severely crowded conditions, and 48% of households lacked in-home running water. In children <10 years, colonization was associated with lack of in-home running water, household crowding, and more children in the home. Pneumococcal vaccination status was not associated with colonization. In older children and adults, increased number of persons in the household was associated with pneumococcal colonization. CONCLUSIONS: Higher colonization prevalence may partially explain increased IPD rates seen in those lacking in-home water services. Improving availability of sanitation services and reducing household crowding may reduce the burden of IPD in this population.
BACKGROUND: Alaska Native children have high invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) rates, and lack of in-home running water has been shown to have a significant association with infection. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines reduced IPD; however, this population saw substantial replacement disease and colonization with nonvaccine serotypes. We evaluated risk factors for nasopharyngeal pneumococcal colonization in Alaska Native adults and children. METHODS: We conducted annual surveys from 2008 through 2011 of residents of all ages in 8 rural Alaskan villages. Interviews were conducted, medical charts were reviewed, and nasopharyngeal swabs were cultured for Streptococcus pneumoniae. Multivariate logistic regression models were developed for 3 age groups (under 10 years, 10-17 years, and 18 years and older) to determine risk factors for colonization. RESULTS: We obtained 12 535 nasopharyngeal swabs from 4980 participants. Our population lived in severely crowded conditions, and 48% of households lacked in-home running water. In children <10 years, colonization was associated with lack of in-home running water, household crowding, and more children in the home. Pneumococcal vaccination status was not associated with colonization. In older children and adults, increased number of persons in the household was associated with pneumococcal colonization. CONCLUSIONS: Higher colonization prevalence may partially explain increased IPD rates seen in those lacking in-home water services. Improving availability of sanitation services and reducing household crowding may reduce the burden of IPD in this population.
Authors: Dana L Bruden; Thomas W Hennessy; Jay C Butler; Debra A Hurlburt; Debra J Parks; Lisa R Bulkow Journal: Int J Circumpolar Health Date: 2005-02 Impact factor: 1.228
Authors: N Petrosillo; A Pantosti; E Bordi; A Spanó; M Del Grosso; B Tallarida; G Ippolito Journal: Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis Date: 2002-03-16 Impact factor: 3.267
Authors: Thomas W Hennessy; Troy Ritter; Robert C Holman; Dana L Bruden; Krista L Yorita; Lisa Bulkow; James E Cheek; Rosalyn J Singleton; Jeff Smith Journal: Am J Public Health Date: 2008-04-01 Impact factor: 9.308
Authors: Sarah Y Park; Matthew R Moore; Dana L Bruden; Terri B Hyde; Alisa L Reasonover; Marcella Harker-Jones; Karen M Rudolph; Debby A Hurlburt; Debra J Parks; Alan J Parkinson; Anne Schuchat; Thomas W Hennessy Journal: Pediatr Infect Dis J Date: 2008-04 Impact factor: 2.129
Authors: R W Steele; R Warrier; P J Unkel; B J Foch; R F Howes; S Shah; K Williams; S Moore; S J Jue Journal: J Pediatr Date: 1996-04 Impact factor: 4.406
Authors: Osman Abdullahi; Angela Karani; Caroline C Tigoi; Daisy Mugo; Stella Kungu; Eva Wanjiru; Jane Jomo; Robert Musyimi; Marc Lipsitch; J Anthony G Scott Journal: PLoS One Date: 2012-02-20 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Emma L Smith; India Wheeler; Hugh Adler; Daniela M Ferreira; Raquel Sá-Leão; Osman Abdullahi; Ifedayo Adetifa; Sylvia Becker-Dreps; Susanna Esposito; Helmia Farida; Rama Kandasamy; Grant A Mackenzie; J Pekka Nuorti; Susan Nzenze; Shabir A Madhi; Omar Ortega; Anna Roca; Dodi Safari; Frieder Schaumburg; Effua Usuf; Elisabeth A M Sanders; Lindsay R Grant; Laura L Hammitt; Katherine L O'Brien; Prabhu Gounder; Dana J T Bruden; Michelle C Stanton; Jamie Rylance Journal: J Infect Date: 2020-06-17 Impact factor: 6.072
Authors: E Mosites; K Miernyk; J W Priest; D Bruden; D Hurlburt; A Parkinson; J Klejka; T Hennessy; M G Bruce Journal: Epidemiol Infect Date: 2018-04-10 Impact factor: 4.434
Authors: Eleanor F G Neal; Cattram D Nguyen; Felista T Ratu; Eileen M Dunne; Mike Kama; Belinda D Ortika; Laura K Boelsen; Joseph Kado; Lisi Tikoduadua; Rachel Devi; Evelyn Tuivaga; Rita C Reyburn; Catherine Satzke; Eric Rafai; E Kim Mulholland; Fiona M Russell Journal: PLoS One Date: 2020-04-01 Impact factor: 3.240