M Mountjoy1, A Junge2, J M Alonso3, B Clarsen4, B M Pluim5, I Shrier6, C van den Hoogenband7, S Marks8, D Gerrard9, P Heyns7, K Kaneoka10, H P Dijkstra11, K M Khan12. 1. Department of Family Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA) Sports Medicine Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland International Olympic Committee (IOC), Lausanne, Switzerland. 2. Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) Medical Assessment and Research Centre (F-MARC), Zurich, Switzerland Medical School Hamburg (MSH), Germany. 3. International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) Medical and Anti-doping Commission, Monte Carlo, Monaco Department of Sports Medicine, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar. 4. Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre (OSTRC), Oslo, Norway. 5. Academic Center of Evidence Based Sports Medicine (ACES), Amsterdam, Netherlands Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS), Amsterdam, Netherlands. 6. Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. 7. Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA) Sports Medicine Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland. 8. Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA) Sports Medicine Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 9. Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA) Sports Medicine Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. 10. Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan. 11. Department of Sports Medicine, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar. 12. Department of Sports Medicine, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Injury and illness surveillance in the aquatic disciplines has been conducted during the FINA World Championships and Olympic Games. The development of an aquatic-specific injury and illness surveillance system will improve the quality of the data collected and the development of preventive measures. Our ultimate objective is to enhance aquatic athlete health and performance. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to refine the injury and illness surveillance protocols to develop aquatic-specific definitions of injury and illness; define aquatic-specific injury location and causation; better describe overuse injuries; regard pre-existing and recurrent injuries; more accurately define aquatic athlete exposures and develop a protocol to capture out-of-competition aquatic athlete health parameters. METHODS: FINA compiled an Injury and Illness Surveillance Expert Working Group comprised of international experts to review the scientific literature in the field. A consensus meeting was convened to provide an opportunity for debate, following which recommendations were collated. RESULTS: Aquatic-specific injury and illness surveillance protocols covering both the in-competition and out-of-competition time periods were developed. Definitions for all relevant variables were outlined, and documentation forms for athletes and for clinicians were proposed. Recommendations for the implementation of an injury and illness surveillance system for FINA are presented. CONCLUSION: The FINA consensus authors recommend ongoing in-competition and out-of-competition surveillance to determine injury and illness trends over time. The implementation of the definitions and methodology outlined in this paper will improve the accuracy and value of injury and illness surveillance, and provide important information for injury prevention. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/
BACKGROUND:Injury and illness surveillance in the aquatic disciplines has been conducted during the FINA World Championships and Olympic Games. The development of an aquatic-specific injury and illness surveillance system will improve the quality of the data collected and the development of preventive measures. Our ultimate objective is to enhance aquatic athlete health and performance. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to refine the injury and illness surveillance protocols to develop aquatic-specific definitions of injury and illness; define aquatic-specific injury location and causation; better describe overuse injuries; regard pre-existing and recurrent injuries; more accurately define aquatic athlete exposures and develop a protocol to capture out-of-competition aquatic athlete health parameters. METHODS: FINA compiled an Injury and Illness Surveillance Expert Working Group comprised of international experts to review the scientific literature in the field. A consensus meeting was convened to provide an opportunity for debate, following which recommendations were collated. RESULTS: Aquatic-specific injury and illness surveillance protocols covering both the in-competition and out-of-competition time periods were developed. Definitions for all relevant variables were outlined, and documentation forms for athletes and for clinicians were proposed. Recommendations for the implementation of an injury and illness surveillance system for FINA are presented. CONCLUSION: The FINA consensus authors recommend ongoing in-competition and out-of-competition surveillance to determine injury and illness trends over time. The implementation of the definitions and methodology outlined in this paper will improve the accuracy and value of injury and illness surveillance, and provide important information for injury prevention. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/
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