Peter Haemers1, Hadhami Hamdi2,3,4, Kevin Guedj5, Nadine Suffee2, Patrick Farahmand3, Natasa Popovic1, Piet Claus1, Pascal LePrince3, Antonino Nicoletti5, Jose Jalife6, Carmen Wolke7, Uwe Lendeckel7, Pierre Jaïs8, Rik Willems1, Stéphane N Hatem9,3,4. 1. Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. 2. Sorbonne Université Paris 06, UMR_S1166 team Cardiac Electrophysiology, Paris, France. 3. INSERM UMR_S1166 team Cardiac Electrophysiology, Paris, France. 4. Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France. 5. Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, INSERM UMR_S1148, Hôpital Xavier Bichat, Paris, France. 6. Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. 7. Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. 8. Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France. 9. Sorbonne Université Paris 06, UMR_S1166 team Cardiac Electrophysiology, Paris, France stephane.hatem@upmc.fr.
Abstract
AIMS: Accumulation of atrial adipose tissue is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We examined the relationship between the characteristics of fatty infiltrates of the atrial myocardium and the history of AF. METHODS AND RESULTS: Atrial samples, collected in 92 patients during cardiac surgery and in a sheep model of persistent AF, were subjected to a detailed histological analysis. In sections of human right atrial samples, subepicardial fatty infiltrations were commonly observed in the majority of patients. A clear difference in the appearance and fibrotic content of these fatty infiltrations was observed. Fibro-fatty infiltrates predominated in patients with permanent AF (no AF: 37 ± 24% vs. paroxysmal AF: 50 ± 21% vs. permanent AF: 64 ± 23%, P < 0.001). An inverse correlation between fibrotic remodelling and the amount of subepicardial adipose tissue suggested the progressive fibrosis of fatty infiltrates with permanent AF. This hypothesis was tested in a sheep model of AF. In AF sheep, an increased accumulation of peri-atrial fat depot was observed on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and dense fibro-fatty infiltrations predominated in the left atria of AF sheep. Cellular inflammation, mainly consisting of functional cytotoxic T lymphocytes, was observed together with adipocyte cell death in human atria. CONCLUSION: Atrial fibrillation is associated with the fibrosis of subepicardial fatty infiltrates, a process in which cytotoxic lymphocytes might be involved. This remodelling of the atrial subepicardium could contribute to structural remodelling forming a substrate for AF. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved.
AIMS: Accumulation of atrial adipose tissue is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We examined the relationship between the characteristics of fatty infiltrates of the atrial myocardium and the history of AF. METHODS AND RESULTS: Atrial samples, collected in 92 patients during cardiac surgery and in a sheep model of persistent AF, were subjected to a detailed histological analysis. In sections of human right atrial samples, subepicardial fatty infiltrations were commonly observed in the majority of patients. A clear difference in the appearance and fibrotic content of these fatty infiltrations was observed. Fibro-fatty infiltrates predominated in patients with permanent AF (no AF: 37 ± 24% vs. paroxysmal AF: 50 ± 21% vs. permanent AF: 64 ± 23%, P < 0.001). An inverse correlation between fibrotic remodelling and the amount of subepicardial adipose tissue suggested the progressive fibrosis of fatty infiltrates with permanent AF. This hypothesis was tested in a sheep model of AF. In AFsheep, an increased accumulation of peri-atrial fat depot was observed on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and dense fibro-fatty infiltrations predominated in the left atria of AF sheep. Cellular inflammation, mainly consisting of functional cytotoxic T lymphocytes, was observed together with adipocyte cell death in human atria. CONCLUSION:Atrial fibrillation is associated with the fibrosis of subepicardial fatty infiltrates, a process in which cytotoxic lymphocytes might be involved. This remodelling of the atrial subepicardium could contribute to structural remodelling forming a substrate for AF. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved.
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