J B Kümmerle-Deschner1, J Thomas2, S M Benseler3. 1. Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Autoinflammation Reference Center Tübingen, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 1, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland. kuemmerle.deschner@uni-tuebingen.de. 2. Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Autoinflammation Reference Center Tübingen, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 1, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland. 3. Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, T3B 6A8, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The primary vasculitides are rare conditions in childhood. The most common disease subtypes are Schönlein-Henoch purpura and Kawasaki's syndrome, which frequently have a self-limiting course. In the majority of vasculitides, the etiology remains unknown. Environmental exposure, including infections, is suspected to trigger an autoinflammatory response in predisposed individuals. GOAL: The aim of this review is to present the various aspects of childhood vasculitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Reviews and special original papers on childhood vasculitis, published classification criteria and current therapy guidelines were reviewed and summarized. RESULTS: The classification of vasculitides in childhood has been modified from the previous adult Chapel Hill classification for vasculitides in 2008. Most therapy recommendations for children are adapted from results of studies in adults. This review covers the current classifications, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and therapy recommendations for children. DISCUSSION: Although etiology and pathogenesis of many vasculitides in childhood are still unknown, clarifying diagnostic methods and effective therapeutic options are available. The knowledge about various forms of disease manifestation may contribute to an early diagnosis and timely initiation of treatment, which may prevent devastating irreversible impairment.
BACKGROUND: The primary vasculitides are rare conditions in childhood. The most common disease subtypes are Schönlein-Henoch purpura and Kawasaki's syndrome, which frequently have a self-limiting course. In the majority of vasculitides, the etiology remains unknown. Environmental exposure, including infections, is suspected to trigger an autoinflammatory response in predisposed individuals. GOAL: The aim of this review is to present the various aspects of childhood vasculitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Reviews and special original papers on childhood vasculitis, published classification criteria and current therapy guidelines were reviewed and summarized. RESULTS: The classification of vasculitides in childhood has been modified from the previous adult Chapel Hill classification for vasculitides in 2008. Most therapy recommendations for children are adapted from results of studies in adults. This review covers the current classifications, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and therapy recommendations for children. DISCUSSION: Although etiology and pathogenesis of many vasculitides in childhood are still unknown, clarifying diagnostic methods and effective therapeutic options are available. The knowledge about various forms of disease manifestation may contribute to an early diagnosis and timely initiation of treatment, which may prevent devastating irreversible impairment.
Authors: Juergen Brunner; Brian M Feldman; Pascal N Tyrrell; Jasmin B Kuemmerle-Deschner; Lothar B Zimmerhackl; Ingmar Gassner; Susanne M Benseler Journal: Rheumatology (Oxford) Date: 2010-06-18 Impact factor: 7.580
Authors: Jane W Newburger; Lynn A Sleeper; Brian W McCrindle; L LuAnn Minich; Welton Gersony; Victoria L Vetter; Andrew M Atz; Jennifer S Li; Masato Takahashi; Annette L Baker; Steven D Colan; Paul D Mitchell; Gloria L Klein; Robert P Sundel Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2007-02-15 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Adriana H Tremoulet; Sonia Jain; Preeti Jaggi; Susan Jimenez-Fernandez; Joan M Pancheri; Xiaoying Sun; John T Kanegaye; John P Kovalchin; Beth F Printz; Octavio Ramilo; Jane C Burns Journal: Lancet Date: 2014-02-24 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: Suresh N Magge; H Isaac Chen; Michael F Stiefel; Linda Ernst; Ann Marie Cahill; Robert Hurst; Phillip B Storm Journal: J Neurosurg Pediatr Date: 2008-01 Impact factor: 2.375