Gro O Nygaard1, Sigrid A de Rodez Benavent2, Hanne F Harbo3, Bruno Laeng4, Piotr Sowa5, Soheil Damangir6, Kristian Bernhard Nilsen7, Lars Etholm8, Siren Tønnesen9, Emilia Kerty10, Liv Drolsum11, Nils Inge Landrø12, Elisabeth G Celius13. 1. Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Postal Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Postal Box 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: g.o.nygaard@medisin.uio.no. 2. Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Postal Box 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Postal Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: s.a.d.r.benavent@medisin.uio.no. 3. Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Postal Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Postal Box 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: h.f.harbo@medisin.uio.no. 4. Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Postal Box 1094 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: b.laeng@medisin.uio.no. 5. Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Postal Box 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Department of Radiology, Oslo University Hospital, Postal Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: piotr.sowa@medisin.uio.no. 6. Department of Neurobiology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: soheil.damangir@ki.se. 7. Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Postal Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address: kristian.b.nilsen@ntnu.no. 8. Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Postal Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: lareth@ous-hf.no. 9. Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Postal Box 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: siren.tonnesen@medisin.uio.no. 10. Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Postal Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Postal Box 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: emilia.kerty@medisin.uio.no. 11. Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Postal Box 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Postal Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: liv.drolsum@medisin.uio.no. 12. Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Postal Box 1094 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: n.i.landro@psykologi.uio.no. 13. Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Postal Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: uxelgu@ous-hf.no.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Eye and hand motor dysfunction may be present early in the disease course of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), and can affect the results on visual and written cognitive tests. We aimed to test for differences in saccadic initiation time (SI time) between RRMS patients and healthy controls, and whether SI time and hand motor speed interacted with the written version of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (wSDMT). METHODS: Patients with RRMS (N = 44, age 35.1 ± 7.3 years), time since diagnosis < 3 years and matched controls (N = 41, age 33.2 ± 6.8 years) were examined with ophthalmological, neurological and neuropsychological tests, as well as structural MRI (white matter lesion load (WMLL) and brainstem lesions), visual evoked potentials (VEP) and eye-tracker examinations of saccades. RESULTS: SI time was longer in RRMS than controls (p < 0.05). SI time was not related to the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), WMLL or to the presence of brainstem lesions. 9 hole peg test (9HP) correlated significantly with WMLL (r = 0.58, p < 0.01). Both SI time and 9HP correlated negatively with the results of wSDMT (r = -0.32, p < 0.05, r = -0.47, p < 0.01), but none correlated with the results of PASAT. CONCLUSIONS: RRMS patients have an increased SI time compared to controls. Cognitive tests results, exemplified by the wSDMT, may be confounded by eye and hand motor function.
PURPOSE: Eye and hand motor dysfunction may be present early in the disease course of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), and can affect the results on visual and written cognitive tests. We aimed to test for differences in saccadic initiation time (SI time) between RRMS patients and healthy controls, and whether SI time and hand motor speed interacted with the written version of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (wSDMT). METHODS:Patients with RRMS (N = 44, age 35.1 ± 7.3 years), time since diagnosis < 3 years and matched controls (N = 41, age 33.2 ± 6.8 years) were examined with ophthalmological, neurological and neuropsychological tests, as well as structural MRI (white matter lesion load (WMLL) and brainstem lesions), visual evoked potentials (VEP) and eye-tracker examinations of saccades. RESULTS: SI time was longer in RRMS than controls (p < 0.05). SI time was not related to the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), WMLL or to the presence of brainstem lesions. 9 hole peg test (9HP) correlated significantly with WMLL (r = 0.58, p < 0.01). Both SI time and 9HP correlated negatively with the results of wSDMT (r = -0.32, p < 0.05, r = -0.47, p < 0.01), but none correlated with the results of PASAT. CONCLUSIONS: RRMS patients have an increased SI time compared to controls. Cognitive tests results, exemplified by the wSDMT, may be confounded by eye and hand motor function.
Authors: Dejan Jakimovski; Ralph H B Benedict; Bianca Weinstock-Guttman; Osman Ozel; Tom A Fuchs; Norah Lincoff; Niels Bergsland; Michael G Dwyer; Robert Zivadinov Journal: J Neurol Date: 2021-02-15 Impact factor: 4.849
Authors: Leif Er Simmatis; Albert Y Jin; Sean W Taylor; Etienne J Bisson; Stephen H Scott; Moogeh Baharnoori Journal: Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin Date: 2020-10-15
Authors: Arzu C Has Silemek; Jean-Philippe Ranjeva; Bertrand Audoin; Christoph Heesen; Stefan M Gold; Simone Kühn; Martin Weygandt; Jan-Patrick Stellmann Journal: Hum Brain Mapp Date: 2021-04-07 Impact factor: 5.038