Jeannette M Schenk1, Cathee Till2, Ann W Hsing3, Frank Z Stanczyk4, Zhihong Gong5, Marian L Neuhouser6, Juergen K Reichardt7,8, Ashraful M Hoque9, William D Figg10, Phyllis J Goodman11, Catherine M Tangen12, Ian M Thompson13. 1. Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA. jschenk@fredhutch.org. 2. Cancer Prevention Program, SWOG, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA. ctill@fredhutch.org. 3. Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA. Ann.Hsing@CPIC.org. 4. Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. stanczyk@usc.edu. 5. Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA. Zhihong.Gong@RoswellPark.org. 6. Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA. mneuhous@fredhutch.org. 7. Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia. jreichardt@yachaytech.edu.ec. 8. YachayTech University, San Miguel de Urcuquí, Eduador. jreichardt@yachaytech.edu.ec. 9. Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. ahoque@mdanderson.org. 10. Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA. figgw@helix.nih.gov. 11. Cancer Prevention Program, SWOG, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA. pgoodman@fredhutch.org. 12. Cancer Prevention Program, SWOG, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA. ctangen@fredhutch.org. 13. Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Sciences Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA. ThompsonI@uthscsa.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Compelling and long-standing data suggest that androgens play an important role in the development of both normal prostate epithelium and prostate cancer. Although testosterone administration can induce prostate cancer (PCA) in laboratory animals, serum-based epidemiologic studies examining androgens in humans have not consistently supported a role for androgens in prostate carcinogenesis. We examined whether pre-diagnostic serum androgens were associated with PCA risk in the placebo arm of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. METHODS: In this nested case-control study, cases (n = 1,032) were primarily local-stage, biopsy-detected cancers, and controls (n = 1,025) were biopsy-confirmed to be PCA-free. Pre-diagnostic serum androgens (total testosterone, 3α-androstanediol glucuronide, free testosterone), estrogen-to-testosterone ratio, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations were measured in pooled (baseline and year 3) blood samples. RESULTS: We found no significant associations between serum androgens, estrogen-to-testosterone ratios, or SHBG and risk of total, low (Gleason <7) or high-grade (Gleason 7-10) PCA. CONCLUSION: Much remains to be learned about the role of androgens in prostate carcinogenesis. Further research is needed to evaluate the role of androgens, timing of exposure, genetic modulators of androgen metabolism, or environmental exposures that may affect androgen influence on prostate carcinogenesis.
BACKGROUND: Compelling and long-standing data suggest that androgens play an important role in the development of both normal prostate epithelium and prostate cancer. Although testosterone administration can induce prostate cancer (PCA) in laboratory animals, serum-based epidemiologic studies examining androgens in humans have not consistently supported a role for androgens in prostate carcinogenesis. We examined whether pre-diagnostic serum androgens were associated with PCA risk in the placebo arm of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. METHODS: In this nested case-control study, cases (n = 1,032) were primarily local-stage, biopsy-detected cancers, and controls (n = 1,025) were biopsy-confirmed to be PCA-free. Pre-diagnostic serum androgens (total testosterone, 3α-androstanediol glucuronide, free testosterone), estrogen-to-testosterone ratio, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations were measured in pooled (baseline and year 3) blood samples. RESULTS: We found no significant associations between serum androgens, estrogen-to-testosterone ratios, or SHBG and risk of total, low (Gleason <7) or high-grade (Gleason 7-10) PCA. CONCLUSION: Much remains to be learned about the role of androgens in prostate carcinogenesis. Further research is needed to evaluate the role of androgens, timing of exposure, genetic modulators of androgen metabolism, or environmental exposures that may affect androgen influence on prostate carcinogenesis.
Entities:
Keywords:
Androgens; Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial; Prostate cancer
Authors: Gianluca Severi; Howard A Morris; Robert J MacInnis; Dallas R English; Wayne Tilley; John L Hopper; Peter Boyle; Graham G Giles Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 2006-01 Impact factor: 4.254
Authors: Alan R Kristal; Cathee Till; Catherine M Tangen; Phyllis J Goodman; Marian L Neuhouser; Frank Z Stanczyk; Lisa W Chu; Sherfaraz K Patel; Ian M Thompson; Juergen K Reichardt; Ashraful Hoque; Elizabeth A Platz; William D Figg; Adrie Van Bokhoven; Scott M Lippman; Ann W Hsing Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 2012-08-09 Impact factor: 4.254
Authors: Emanuela Taioli; Vestra Sears; Alexis Watson; Rafael E Flores-Obando; Maria D Jackson; Flora A Ukoli; Ilce M de Syllos Cólus; Pedro Fernandez; Norma McFarlane-Anderson; Elaine A Ostrander; Iara S Rodrigues; Janet L Stanford; Jack A Taylor; Marshall Tulloch-Reid; Camille C R Ragin Journal: Prostate Date: 2012-11-05 Impact factor: 4.104
Authors: Boris Gershman; Irene M Shui; Meir Stampfer; Elizabeth A Platz; Peter H Gann; Howard L Sesso; Natalie DuPre; Edward Giovannucci; Lorelei A Mucci Journal: Eur Urol Date: 2013-01-11 Impact factor: 20.096
Authors: Douglas K Price; Cindy H Chau; Cathee Till; Phyllis J Goodman; Robin J Leach; Teresa L Johnson-Pais; Ann W Hsing; Ashraful Hoque; Howard L Parnes; Jeannette M Schenk; Catherine M Tangen; Ian M Thompson; Juergen K V Reichardt; William D Figg Journal: Cancer Date: 2016-05-10 Impact factor: 6.860
Authors: Kai Wang; Xinguang Chen; Victoria Y Bird; Travis A Gerke; Todd M Manini; Mattia Prosperi Journal: Int J Cancer Date: 2017-07-24 Impact factor: 7.396
Authors: Susan Chadid; John R Barber; William G Nelson; Bora Gurel; M Scott Lucia; Ian M Thompson; Phyllis J Goodman; Frank Z Stanczyk; Howard L Parnes; Scott M Lippman; Angelo M De Marzo; Elizabeth A Platz Journal: Prostate Date: 2020-06-07 Impact factor: 4.104
Authors: Li Tang; Mary E Platek; Song Yao; Cathee Till; Phyllis J Goodman; Catherine M Tangen; Yue Wu; Elizabeth A Platz; Marian L Neuhouser; Frank Z Stanczyk; Juergen K V Reichardt; Regina M Santella; Ann Hsing; William D Figg; Scott M Lippman; Ian M Thompson; Christine B Ambrosone Journal: Carcinogenesis Date: 2018-02-09 Impact factor: 4.944
Authors: Michael B Cook; Frank Z Stanczyk; Shannon N Wood; Ruth M Pfeiffer; Muhannad Hafi; Carmela C Veneroso; Barlow Lynch; Roni T Falk; Cindy Ke Zhou; Shelley Niwa; Eric Emanuel; Yu-Tang Gao; George P Hemstreet; Ladan Zolfghari; Peter R Carroll; Michael J Manyak; Isabell A Sesterhann; Paul H Levine; Ann W Hsing Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 2017-08-22 Impact factor: 4.254
Authors: Dordaneh Sugano; Abhinav Sidana; Amit L Jain; Brian Calio; Sonia Gaur; Mahir Maruf; Maria Merino; Peter Choyke; Baris Turkbey; Bradford J Wood; Peter A Pinto Journal: Int Urol Nephrol Date: 2019-12-05 Impact factor: 2.370
Authors: Cindy H Chau; Cathee Till; Douglas K Price; Phyllis J Goodman; Marian L Neuhouser; Michael N Pollak; Ian M Thompson; William D Figg Journal: Endocr Relat Cancer Date: 2022-01-20 Impact factor: 5.678
Authors: David S Lopez; Lydia Liu; Stephanie A Smith-Warner; Konstantinos K Tsilidis; Carrie Daniel; Jacques Baillargeon; Sabine Rohrmann; Elizabeth A Platz; Edward Giovannucci Journal: Hormones (Athens) Date: 2022-01-11 Impact factor: 3.419
Authors: Cindy Ke Zhou; Frank Z Stanczyk; Muhannad Hafi; Carmela C Veneroso; Barlow Lynch; Roni T Falk; Shelley Niwa; Eric Emanuel; Yu-Tang Gao; George P Hemstreet; Ladan Zolfghari; Peter R Carroll; Michael J Manyak; Isabell A Sesterhenn; Paul H Levine; Ann W Hsing; Michael B Cook Journal: Prostate Date: 2017-10-02 Impact factor: 4.104
Authors: Eleanor L Watts; Paul N Appleby; Demetrius Albanes; Amanda Black; June M Chan; Chu Chen; Piera M Cirillo; Barbara A Cohn; Michael B Cook; Jenny L Donovan; Luigi Ferrucci; Cedric F Garland; Graham G Giles; Phyllis J Goodman; Laurel A Habel; Christopher A Haiman; Jeff M P Holly; Robert N Hoover; Rudolf Kaaks; Paul Knekt; Laurence N Kolonel; Tatsuhiko Kubo; Loïc Le Marchand; Tapio Luostarinen; Robert J MacInnis; Hanna O Mäenpää; Satu Männistö; E Jeffrey Metter; Roger L Milne; Abraham M Y Nomura; Steven E Oliver; J Kellogg Parsons; Petra H Peeters; Elizabeth A Platz; Elio Riboli; Fulvio Ricceri; Sabina Rinaldi; Harri Rissanen; Norie Sawada; Catherine A Schaefer; Jeannette M Schenk; Frank Z Stanczyk; Meir Stampfer; Pär Stattin; Ulf-Håkan Stenman; Anne Tjønneland; Antonia Trichopoulou; Ian M Thompson; Shoichiro Tsugane; Lars Vatten; Alice S Whittemore; Regina G Ziegler; Naomi E Allen; Timothy J Key; Ruth C Travis Journal: PLoS One Date: 2017-12-27 Impact factor: 3.752