Pulsatile and Steady-State Pressure Trends in Children: A Window into the Future?

The aorta has limited ability to accommodate increasing body size by remodeling. The dramatic rise in pediatric obesity threatens to overwhelm this intrinsic remodeling program and lead to abnormal aortic function. As hypothesized, pulse pressure, as an index of aortic function, has indeed risen dramatically in parallel with the rise of pediatric obesity, while at the same time mean arterial pressure, as an index of small resistance artery function, has fallen. These divergent large-artery-versus-small-artery indices may combine to explain the counterintuitive decrease in systolic blood pressure in children and adults during the global obesity pandemic. The pathophysiologic mechanisms underpinning these contrasting trends are not yet known.