Mei Li1, Yi Wu1, Renwang Liu1, Lili Guo2, Tingting Xu3, Jun Chen1, Song Xu1. 1. Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China. 2. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China. 3. Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are adult stem cells derived from mesoderm. Evidence has shown that MSC could migrate towards tumor tissue and differentiate into tumor associated fibroblast in tumor microenvironment, which influences tumor growth and metastasis. However, the reports of MSC in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are few and controversial. The aim of this study is to explore the chemotaxis of MSC towards NSCLC and to test the effects of MSC on the proliferation and invasion ability of NSCLC. METHODS: Transwell assay was used to test MSC and NSCLC migration and invasion, and Thymidine incorporation assay was adopted to measure NSCLC cells proliferation. The expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), insulinlike growth factor (IGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) of MSCs were determined by real time PCR. A549 lung cancer xenograft animal tumor model was set up to evaluate the MSC effect in vivo. RESULTS: Lung cancer cells could attract MSC tropism. MSC conditioned medium favored lung cancer cell proliferation and lung cancer cells stimulated the expression of IL-6, IGF-1, VEGF and DKK1 on MSCs. In vivo animal study showed that the tumor with MSC injection grew much faster compared to control group. CONCLUSIONS: MSCs could migrate towards NSCLC cells and favor tumor growth. In turn, NSCLC cells could stimulate the overexpression of cytokines on MSCs which are essential for the tumor growth.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are adult stem cells derived from mesoderm. Evidence has shown that MSC could migrate towards tumor tissue and differentiate into tumor associated fibroblast in tumor microenvironment, which influences tumor growth and metastasis. However, the reports of MSC in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are few and controversial. The aim of this study is to explore the chemotaxis of MSC towards NSCLC and to test the effects of MSC on the proliferation and invasion ability of NSCLC. METHODS: Transwell assay was used to test MSC and NSCLC migration and invasion, and Thymidine incorporation assay was adopted to measure NSCLC cells proliferation. The expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), insulinlike growth factor (IGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) of MSCs were determined by real time PCR. A549 lung cancer xenograft animal tumor model was set up to evaluate the MSC effect in vivo. RESULTS:Lung cancer cells could attract MSC tropism. MSC conditioned medium favored lung cancer cell proliferation and lung cancer cells stimulated the expression of IL-6, IGF-1, VEGF and DKK1 on MSCs. In vivo animal study showed that the tumor with MSC injection grew much faster compared to control group. CONCLUSIONS: MSCs could migrate towards NSCLC cells and favor tumor growth. In turn, NSCLC cells could stimulate the overexpression of cytokines on MSCs which are essential for the tumor growth.
为敲除CCR9表达,MSC转染FlexiTube GeneSolution for CCR9 (GS10803, Qiagen, Hilden, Germany, www.qiagen.com)。FlexiTube GeneSolution for CCR9包含4对互不重叠的CCR9RNAi链。Lipofectamine RNAiMAX(Invitrogen)作为转染剂。AllStarsNegative Control small interfering RNA(SI03650318, Qiagen)作为阴性对照。实时定量PCR和流式细胞检测CCR9敲除效率达到90%以上。
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells could attract mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) migration. A: MSC migrated towards NSCLC cells in transwell culture system. Serum free medium and 10% FCS medium as negative and positive control; B: CCR9 knockdown MSC showed decreased migration ability towards NSCLC cells. *: Compared with the serum free group or control siRNA group, P < 0.05; **: Compared with the serum free group, P < 0.01.
NSCLC细胞可以吸引MSC迁移。A:Transwell培养系统显示MSC具有向NSCLC细胞迁移的能力。无血清和10%胎牛血清培养液作为对照;B:CCR9表达敲低的MSC向NSCLC细胞迁移能力降低。*P<0.05;**P<0.01。Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells could attract mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) migration. A: MSC migrated towards NSCLC cells in transwell culture system. Serum free medium and 10% FCS medium as negative and positive control; B: CCR9 knockdown MSC showed decreased migration ability towards NSCLC cells. *: Compared with the serum free group or control siRNA group, P < 0.05; **: Compared with the serum free group, P < 0.01.
Real Time PCR检测发现NSCLC细胞刺激MSC高表达IL-6、IGF-1、VEGF和DKK1。A:A549细胞;B:L9981细胞。*P<0.05;**P<0.01.
Real time PCR test showed that NSCLC cells stimulated interleukin-6 (IL-6), insulinlike growth factor-1 (IGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) expression on MSCs. A: A549 cells; B: L9981 cells. *: Compared with MSC alone group, P < 0.05; **: Compared with MSC alone group, P < 0.01.
Real Time PCR检测发现NSCLC细胞刺激MSC高表达IL-6、IGF-1、VEGF和DKK1。A:A549细胞;B:L9981细胞。*P<0.05;**P<0.01.Real time PCR test showed that NSCLC cells stimulated interleukin-6 (IL-6), insulinlike growth factor-1 (IGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) expression on MSCs. A: A549 cells; B: L9981 cells. *: Compared with MSC alone group, P < 0.05; **: Compared with MSC alone group, P < 0.01.
MSC conditioned medium stimulated the proliferation and invasion ability of NSCLC. A: 3H thymidine incorporation assay used to test proliferation; B: Transwell coculture system used to test migration. *: Compared with control group, P < 0.05; **: Compared with control group, P < 0.01.
MSC条件培养液促进肺癌细胞增殖和侵袭迁移能力。A:3H胸腺嘧啶核苷掺入法用于NSCLC细胞增殖能力;B:Transwell培养体系用于NSCLC细胞迁移能力检测。*P<0.05;**P<0.01.MSC conditioned medium stimulated the proliferation and invasion ability of NSCLC. A: 3H thymidine incorporation assay used to test proliferation; B: Transwell coculture system used to test migration. *: Compared with control group, P < 0.05; **: Compared with control group, P < 0.01.
In vivo animal study showed that the tumor from MSC injection group grew much faster compared to the saline injection group with statistical significant difference. *: Compared with control group, P < 0.05; **: Compared with control group, P < 0.01.
体内动物实验显示MSC注射组的小鼠皮下肿瘤生长明显快于对照组。*P<0.05;**P<0.01。箭头为注射MSC或生理盐水。In vivo animal study showed that the tumor from MSC injection group grew much faster compared to the saline injection group with statistical significant difference. *: Compared with control group, P < 0.05; **: Compared with control group, P < 0.01.
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