Matthew M Nour1, Ichiro Nakashima1, Ester Coutinho1, Mark Woodhall1, Filipa Sousa1, Jon Revis1, Yoshiki Takai1, Jithin George1, Joanna Kitley1, Maria Ernestina Santos1, Joseph M Nour1, Fan Cheng1, Hiroshi Kuroda1, Tatsuro Misu1, Ana Martins-da-Silva1, Gabriele C DeLuca1, Angela Vincent1, Jacqueline Palace1, Patrick Waters1, Kazuo Fujihara1, Maria Isabel Leite2. 1. From the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.M.N., E.C., M.W., J.R., J.G., J.K., J.M.N., F.C., G.C.D., A.V., J.P., P.W., M.I.L.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, UK; Departments of Neurology (I.N., Y.T., H.K.) and Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (T.M., K.F.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Clinical Neurology (F.S.), Hospital de São Marcos, Braga; and Department of Clinical Neurology (A.M.-d.-S., M.E.S.), Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal. 2. From the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.M.N., E.C., M.W., J.R., J.G., J.K., J.M.N., F.C., G.C.D., A.V., J.P., P.W., M.I.L.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, UK; Departments of Neurology (I.N., Y.T., H.K.) and Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (T.M., K.F.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Clinical Neurology (F.S.), Hospital de São Marcos, Braga; and Department of Clinical Neurology (A.M.-d.-S., M.E.S.), Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal. maria.leite@ndcn.ox.ac.uk.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and pregnancy outcome. METHODS: An international cohort of women with aquaporin-4 antibody-positive NMOSD and ≥1 pregnancy was studied retrospectively. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate whether pregnancy after NMOSD onset was associated with an increased risk of miscarriage (cohort of 40 women) or preeclampsia (cohort of 57 women). RESULTS: Miscarriage rate was higher in pregnancies after NMOSD onset (42.9% [95% confidence interval 17.7%-71.1%] vs. 7.04% [2.33%-15.7%]). Pregnancies conceived after, or up to 3 years before, NMOSD onset had an increased odds ratio of miscarriage (7.28 [1.03-51.6] and 11.6 [1.05-128], respectively), independent of maternal age or history of miscarriage. Pregnancies after, or up to 1 year before, NMOSD onset ending in miscarriage were associated with increased disease activity from 9 months before conception to the end of pregnancy, compared to viable pregnancies (mean annualized relapse rate 0.707 vs. 0.100). The preeclampsia rate (11.5% [6.27%-18.9%]) was significantly higher than reported in population studies. The odds of preeclampsia were greater in women with multiple other autoimmune disorders or miscarriage in the most recent previous pregnancy, but NMOSD onset was not a risk factor. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnancy after NMOSD onset is an independent risk factor for miscarriage, and pregnancies conceived at times of high disease activity may be at increased risk of miscarriage. Women who develop NMOSD and have multiple other autoimmune disorders have greater odds of preeclampsia, independent of NMOSD onset timing.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and pregnancy outcome. METHODS: An international cohort of women with aquaporin-4 antibody-positive NMOSD and ≥1 pregnancy was studied retrospectively. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate whether pregnancy after NMOSD onset was associated with an increased risk of miscarriage (cohort of 40 women) or preeclampsia (cohort of 57 women). RESULTS: Miscarriage rate was higher in pregnancies after NMOSD onset (42.9% [95% confidence interval 17.7%-71.1%] vs. 7.04% [2.33%-15.7%]). Pregnancies conceived after, or up to 3 years before, NMOSD onset had an increased odds ratio of miscarriage (7.28 [1.03-51.6] and 11.6 [1.05-128], respectively), independent of maternal age or history of miscarriage. Pregnancies after, or up to 1 year before, NMOSD onset ending in miscarriage were associated with increased disease activity from 9 months before conception to the end of pregnancy, compared to viable pregnancies (mean annualized relapse rate 0.707 vs. 0.100). The preeclampsia rate (11.5% [6.27%-18.9%]) was significantly higher than reported in population studies. The odds of preeclampsia were greater in women with multiple other autoimmune disorders or miscarriage in the most recent previous pregnancy, but NMOSD onset was not a risk factor. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnancy after NMOSD onset is an independent risk factor for miscarriage, and pregnancies conceived at times of high disease activity may be at increased risk of miscarriage. Women who develop NMOSD and have multiple other autoimmune disorders have greater odds of preeclampsia, independent of NMOSD onset timing.
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