Pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone release from the human mediobasal hypothalamus in vitro: opiate receptor-mediated suppression.

An in vitro perifusion system was used to investigate pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release from the fetal (20-23 weeks of gestation) and adult human mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH). Fetal human MBHs released GnRH in discrete pulses, with a periodicity of approximately 1 h. Adult human MBHs also released GnRH in a pulsatile manner, with a periodicity of 60-100 min. The calcium-dependent pulsatile GnRH release from fetal human MBHs was suppressed by addition of morphine (10 microM) to the perifusion medium, and this suppression was reversed by addition of the opiate receptor antagonist naloxone (10 microM). These results indicate that the human hypothalamic GnRH pulse-generating mechanism is located entirely within the MBH, and that this pulse generator can maintain intrinsically pulsatile GnRH release independent of all innervation from outside this site. Our data also demonstrate that human hypothalamic pulsatile GnRH release can be suppressed by an opiate receptor-mediated mechanism located within the MBH.