Jun Yang1, Peng Yin2, Maigeng Zhou2, Chun-Quan Ou3, Yuming Guo4, Antonio Gasparrini5, Yunning Liu2, Yujuan Yue1, Shaohua Gu1, Shaowei Sang1, Guijie Luan2, Qinghua Sun6, Qiyong Liu1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China. 2. The National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China. 3. State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. 4. Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. 5. Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK. 6. Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Ohio, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality burden attributable to ambient temperature; to estimate effect modification of this burden by gender, age and education level. METHODS: We obtained daily data on temperature and CVD mortality from 15 Chinese megacities during 2007-2013, including 1,936,116 CVD deaths. A quasi-Poisson regression combined with a distributed lag non-linear model was used to estimate the temperature-mortality association for each city. Then, a multivariate meta-analysis was used to derive the overall effect estimates of temperature at the national level. Attributable fraction of deaths were calculated for cold and heat (ie, temperature below and above minimum-mortality temperatures, MMTs), respectively. The MMT was defined as the specific temperature associated to the lowest mortality risk. RESULTS: The MMT varied from the 70th percentile to the 99th percentile of temperature in 15 cities, centring at 78 at the national level. In total, 17.1% (95% empirical CI 14.4% to 19.1%) of CVD mortality (330,352 deaths) was attributable to ambient temperature, with substantial differences among cities, from 10.1% in Shanghai to 23.7% in Guangzhou. Most of the attributable deaths were due to cold, with a fraction of 15.8% (13.1% to 17.9%) corresponding to 305,902 deaths, compared with 1.3% (1.0% to 1.6%) and 24,450 deaths for heat. CONCLUSIONS: This study emphasises how cold weather is responsible for most part of the temperature-related CVD death burden. Our results may have important implications for the development of policies to reduce CVD mortality from extreme temperatures. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/
OBJECTIVE: To examine cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality burden attributable to ambient temperature; to estimate effect modification of this burden by gender, age and education level. METHODS: We obtained daily data on temperature and CVD mortality from 15 Chinese megacities during 2007-2013, including 1,936,116 CVD deaths. A quasi-Poisson regression combined with a distributed lag non-linear model was used to estimate the temperature-mortality association for each city. Then, a multivariate meta-analysis was used to derive the overall effect estimates of temperature at the national level. Attributable fraction of deaths were calculated for cold and heat (ie, temperature below and above minimum-mortality temperatures, MMTs), respectively. The MMT was defined as the specific temperature associated to the lowest mortality risk. RESULTS: The MMT varied from the 70th percentile to the 99th percentile of temperature in 15 cities, centring at 78 at the national level. In total, 17.1% (95% empirical CI 14.4% to 19.1%) of CVD mortality (330,352 deaths) was attributable to ambient temperature, with substantial differences among cities, from 10.1% in Shanghai to 23.7% in Guangzhou. Most of the attributable deaths were due to cold, with a fraction of 15.8% (13.1% to 17.9%) corresponding to 305,902 deaths, compared with 1.3% (1.0% to 1.6%) and 24,450 deaths for heat. CONCLUSIONS: This study emphasises how cold weather is responsible for most part of the temperature-related CVD death burden. Our results may have important implications for the development of policies to reduce CVD mortality from extreme temperatures. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/
Authors: Ru Cao; Yuxin Wang; Jing Huang; Jie He; Pitakchon Ponsawansong; Jianbo Jin; Zhihu Xu; Teng Yang; Xiaochuan Pan; Tippawan Prapamontol; Guoxing Li Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-04-28 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Sebastian T Rowland; Robbie M Parks; Amelia K Boehme; Jeff Goldsmith; Johnathan Rush; Allan C Just; Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou Journal: Environ Res Date: 2021-04-28 Impact factor: 8.431