Shih-Hsun Cheng1, Dou Yu2, Hsiu-Ming Tsai1, Ramin A Morshed2, Deepak Kanojia2, Leu-Wei Lo3, Lara Leoni1, Yureve Govind2, Lingjiao Zhang2, Karen S Aboody4, Maciej S Lesniak2, Chin-Tu Chen5, Irina V Balyasnikova6. 1. Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. 2. The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. 3. Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institute(s), Taiwan; and. 4. Department of Neuroscience, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California. 5. Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois irinabal@northwestern.edu cchen3@uchicago.edu. 6. The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois irinabal@northwestern.edu cchen3@uchicago.edu.
Abstract
UNLABELLED: There is strong clinical interest in using neural stem cells (NSCs) as carriers for targeted delivery of therapeutics to glioblastoma. Multimodal dynamic in vivo imaging of NSC behaviors in the brain is necessary for developing such tailored therapies; however, such technology is lacking. Here we report a novel strategy for mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN)-facilitated NSC tracking in the brain via SPECT. METHODS: (111)In was conjugated to MSNs, taking advantage of the large surface area of their unique porous feature. A series of nanomaterial characterization assays was performed to assess the modified MSN. Loading efficiency and viability of NSCs with (111)In-MSN complex were optimized. Radiolabeled NSCs were administered to glioma-bearing mice via either intracranial or systemic injection. SPECT imaging and bioluminescence imaging were performed daily up to 48 h after NSC injection. Histology and immunocytochemistry were used to confirm the findings. RESULTS: (111)In-MSN complexes show minimal toxicity to NSCs and robust in vitro and in vivo stability. Phantom studies demonstrate feasibility of this platform for NSC imaging. Of significance, we discovered that decayed (111)In-MSN complexes exhibit strong fluorescent profiles in preloaded NSCs, allowing for ex vivo validation of the in vivo data. In vivo, SPECT visualizes actively migrating NSCs toward glioma xenografts in real time after both intracranial and systemic administrations. This is in agreement with bioluminescence live imaging, confocal microscopy, and histology. CONCLUSION: These advancements warrant further development and integration of this technology with MRI for multimodal noninvasive tracking of therapeutic NSCs toward various brain malignancies.
UNLABELLED: There is strong clinical interest in using neural stem cells (NSCs) as carriers for targeted delivery of therapeutics to glioblastoma. Multimodal dynamic in vivo imaging of NSC behaviors in the brain is necessary for developing such tailored therapies; however, such technology is lacking. Here we report a novel strategy for mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN)-facilitated NSC tracking in the brain via SPECT. METHODS: (111)In was conjugated to MSNs, taking advantage of the large surface area of their unique porous feature. A series of nanomaterial characterization assays was performed to assess the modified MSN. Loading efficiency and viability of NSCs with (111)In-MSN complex were optimized. Radiolabeled NSCs were administered to glioma-bearing mice via either intracranial or systemic injection. SPECT imaging and bioluminescence imaging were performed daily up to 48 h after NSC injection. Histology and immunocytochemistry were used to confirm the findings. RESULTS: (111)In-MSN complexes show minimal toxicity to NSCs and robust in vitro and in vivo stability. Phantom studies demonstrate feasibility of this platform for NSC imaging. Of significance, we discovered that decayed (111)In-MSN complexes exhibit strong fluorescent profiles in preloaded NSCs, allowing for ex vivo validation of the in vivo data. In vivo, SPECT visualizes actively migrating NSCs toward glioma xenografts in real time after both intracranial and systemic administrations. This is in agreement with bioluminescence live imaging, confocal microscopy, and histology. CONCLUSION: These advancements warrant further development and integration of this technology with MRI for multimodal noninvasive tracking of therapeutic NSCs toward various brain malignancies.
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