A Michael Lincoff1, Roxana Mehran2, Thomas J Povsic3, Steven L Zelenkofske4, Zhen Huang3, Paul W Armstrong5, P Gabriel Steg6, Christoph Bode7, Mauricio G Cohen8, Christopher Buller9, Peep Laanmets10, Marco Valgimigli11, Toomas Marandi10, Viliam Fridrich12, Warren J Cantor13, Bela Merkely14, Jose Lopez-Sendon15, Jan H Cornel16, Jaroslaw D Kasprzak17, Michael Aschermann18, Victor Guetta19, Joao Morais20, Peter R Sinnaeve21, Kurt Huber22, Rod Stables23, Mary Ann Sellers3, Marilyn Borgman24, Lauren Glenn4, Arnold I Levinson25, Renato D Lopes3, Vic Hasselblad3, Richard C Becker26, John H Alexander3. 1. Cleveland Clinic Coordinating Center for Clinical Research (C5Research), Cleveland, OH, USA. Electronic address: lincofa@ccf.org. 2. Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. 3. Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. 4. Regado Biosciences, Basking Ridge, NJ, USA. 5. Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. 6. Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. 7. University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. 8. University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA. 9. St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. 10. North Estonia Medical Centre, Tallinn, Estonia. 11. University Hospital of Ferrara, Institute of Cardiology, Ferrara, Italy. 12. National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia. 13. Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket, ON, Canada. 14. Semmelweis University Heart and Vascular Center, Budapest, Hungary. 15. Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain. 16. Medical Center Alkmaar, Alkmaar, Netherlands. 17. Medical University of Lodz, Bieganski Hospital, Lodz, Poland. 18. General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic. 19. Heart Institute Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Israel. 20. Santo Andre's Hospital, Leiria, Portugal. 21. University Hospitals Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium. 22. Wilhelminen Hospital, Vienna, Austria. 23. Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK. 24. Cleveland Clinic Coordinating Center for Clinical Research (C5Research), Cleveland, OH, USA. 25. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 26. University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:REG1 is a novel anticoagulation system consisting of pegnivacogin, an RNA aptamer inhibitor of coagulation factor IXa, and anivamersen, a complementary sequence reversal oligonucleotide. We tested the hypothesis that near complete inhibition of factor IXa with pegnivacogin during percutaneous coronary intervention, followed by partial reversal with anivamersen, would reduce ischaemic events compared with bivalirudin, without increasing bleeding. METHODS: We did a randomised, open-label, active-controlled, multicentre, superiority trial to compare REG1 with bivalirudinat 225 hospitals in North America and Europe. We planned to randomly allocate 13,200 patients undergoingpercutaneous coronary intervention in a 1:1 ratio to either REG1 (pegnivacogin 1 mg/kg bolus [>99% factor IXa inhibition] followed by 80% reversal with anivamersen after percutaneous coronary intervention) or bivalirudin. Exclusion criteria included ST segment elevation myocardial infarction within 48 h. The primary efficacy endpoint was the composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and unplanned target lesion revascularisation by day 3 after randomisation. The principal safety endpoint was major bleeding. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01848106. The trial was terminated early after enrolment of 3232 patients due to severe allergic reactions. FINDINGS:1616 patients were allocated REG1 and 1616 were assignedbivalirudin, of whom 1605 and 1601 patients, respectively, received the assigned treatment. Severe allergic reactions were reported in ten (1%) of 1605 patients receiving REG1 versus one (<1%) of 1601 patients treated with bivalirudin. The composite primary endpoint did not differ between groups, with 108 (7%) of 1616 patients assigned REG1 and 103 (6%) of 1616 allocated bivalirudin reporting a primary endpoint event (odds ratio [OR] 1·05, 95% CI 0·80-1·39; p=0·72). Major bleeding was similar between treatment groups (seven [<1%] of 1605 receiving REG1 vs two [<1%] of 1601 treated with bivalirudin; OR 3·49, 95% CI 0·73-16·82; p=0·10), but major or minor bleeding was increased with REG1 (104 [6%] vs 65 [4%]; 1·64, 1·19-2·25; p=0·002). INTERPRETATION: The reversible factor IXa inhibitor REG1, as currently formulated, is associated with severe allergic reactions. Although statistical power was limited because of early termination, there was no evidence that REG1 reduced ischaemic events or bleeding compared with bivalirudin. FUNDING: Regado Biosciences Inc.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND:REG1 is a novel anticoagulation system consisting of pegnivacogin, an RNA aptamer inhibitor of coagulation factor IXa, and anivamersen, a complementary sequence reversal oligonucleotide. We tested the hypothesis that near complete inhibition of factor IXa with pegnivacogin during percutaneous coronary intervention, followed by partial reversal with anivamersen, would reduce ischaemic events compared with bivalirudin, without increasing bleeding. METHODS: We did a randomised, open-label, active-controlled, multicentre, superiority trial to compare REG1 with bivalirudin at 225 hospitals in North America and Europe. We planned to randomly allocate 13,200 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in a 1:1 ratio to either REG1 (pegnivacogin 1 mg/kg bolus [>99% factor IXa inhibition] followed by 80% reversal with anivamersen after percutaneous coronary intervention) or bivalirudin. Exclusion criteria included ST segment elevation myocardial infarction within 48 h. The primary efficacy endpoint was the composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and unplanned target lesion revascularisation by day 3 after randomisation. The principal safety endpoint was major bleeding. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01848106. The trial was terminated early after enrolment of 3232 patients due to severe allergic reactions. FINDINGS: 1616 patients were allocated REG1 and 1616 were assigned bivalirudin, of whom 1605 and 1601 patients, respectively, received the assigned treatment. Severe allergic reactions were reported in ten (1%) of 1605 patients receiving REG1 versus one (<1%) of 1601 patients treated with bivalirudin. The composite primary endpoint did not differ between groups, with 108 (7%) of 1616 patients assigned REG1 and 103 (6%) of 1616 allocated bivalirudin reporting a primary endpoint event (odds ratio [OR] 1·05, 95% CI 0·80-1·39; p=0·72). Major bleeding was similar between treatment groups (seven [<1%] of 1605 receiving REG1 vs two [<1%] of 1601 treated with bivalirudin; OR 3·49, 95% CI 0·73-16·82; p=0·10), but major or minor bleeding was increased with REG1 (104 [6%] vs 65 [4%]; 1·64, 1·19-2·25; p=0·002). INTERPRETATION: The reversible factor IXa inhibitor REG1, as currently formulated, is associated with severe allergic reactions. Although statistical power was limited because of early termination, there was no evidence that REG1 reduced ischaemic events or bleeding compared with bivalirudin. FUNDING: Regado Biosciences Inc.
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