Anica Eschler1, Paula Röpenack2, Philipp K E Herlyn2, Jan Roesner3, Kristin Pille2, Kirsten Büsing4, Brigitte Vollmar5, Thomas Mittlmeier2, Georg Gradl6. 1. Dept. of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Rostock, Medical Center, Germany. Electronic address: anica.eschler@med.uni-rostock.de. 2. Dept. of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Rostock, Medical Center, Germany. 3. Clinic for Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rostock, Medical Center, Germany. 4. Chair of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Germany. 5. Rudolf-Zenker Institute for Experimental Surgery, University of Rostock, Medical Center, Germany. 6. Dept. of Trauma, Orthopedic and Reconstructive Surgery, Munich Municipal Hospital Group, Clinic Harlaching, Germany.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) are one of the most common injuries in the aging population presenting with an annual incidence of 1.4 million new cases in Europe. Current treatment strategies focus on cement-associated solutions (kyphoplasty/vertebroplasty techniques). Specific cement-associated problems as leakage, embolism and the adjacent fracture disease are reported adding to open questions like general fracture healing properties of the osteoporotic spine. In order to analyze those queries animal models are of great interest; however, both technical difficulties in the induction of experimental osteoporosis in animal as well as the lack of a standardized fracture model impede current and future in vivo studies. This study introduces a standardized animal model of an osteoporotic VCF type A3.1 that may enable further in-depth analysis of the afore mentioned topics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four 5-year-old female Merino sheep (mean body weight: 67 kg; range 57-79) were ovariectomized (OP1) and underwent 5.5 months of weekly corticosteroid injections (dexamethasone and dexamethasone-sodium-phosphate), adding to a calcium/phosphorus/vitamin D-deficient diet. Osteoporosis induction was documented by pQCT and micro-CT BMD (bone mineral density) as well as 3D histomorphometric analysis postoperatively of the sheep distal radius and spine. Non osteoporotic sheep served as controls. Induction of a VCF of the second lumbar vertebra was performed via a mini-lumbotomy surgical approach with a standardized manual compression mode (OP2). RESULTS: PQCT analysis revealed osteoporosis of the distal radius with significantly reduced BMD values (0.19 g/cm(3), range 0.13-0.22 vs. 0.27 g/cm(3), range 0.23-0.32). Micro-CT documented significant lowering of BMD values for the second lumbar vertebrae (0.11 g/cm(3), range 0.10-0.12) in comparison to the control group (0.14 g/cm(3), range 0.12-0.17). An incomplete burst fracture type A3.1 was achieved in all cases and resulted in a significant decrease in body angle and vertebral height (KA 4.9°, range: 2-12; SI 4.5%, range: 2-12). With OP1, one minor complication (lesion of small bowel) occurred, while no complications occurred with OP2. CONCLUSIONS: A suitable spinal fracture model for creation of VCFs in osteoporotic sheep was developed. The technique may promote the development of improved surgical solutions for VCF treatment in the experimental and clinical setting.
INTRODUCTION:Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) are one of the most common injuries in the aging population presenting with an annual incidence of 1.4 million new cases in Europe. Current treatment strategies focus on cement-associated solutions (kyphoplasty/vertebroplasty techniques). Specific cement-associated problems as leakage, embolism and the adjacent fracture disease are reported adding to open questions like general fracture healing properties of the osteoporotic spine. In order to analyze those queries animal models are of great interest; however, both technical difficulties in the induction of experimental osteoporosis in animal as well as the lack of a standardized fracture model impede current and future in vivo studies. This study introduces a standardized animal model of an osteoporotic VCF type A3.1 that may enable further in-depth analysis of the afore mentioned topics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four 5-year-old female Merino sheep (mean body weight: 67 kg; range 57-79) were ovariectomized (OP1) and underwent 5.5 months of weekly corticosteroid injections (dexamethasone and dexamethasone-sodium-phosphate), adding to a calcium/phosphorus/vitamin D-deficient diet. Osteoporosis induction was documented by pQCT and micro-CT BMD (bone mineral density) as well as 3D histomorphometric analysis postoperatively of the sheep distal radius and spine. Non osteoporotic sheep served as controls. Induction of a VCF of the second lumbar vertebra was performed via a mini-lumbotomy surgical approach with a standardized manual compression mode (OP2). RESULTS: PQCT analysis revealed osteoporosis of the distal radius with significantly reduced BMD values (0.19 g/cm(3), range 0.13-0.22 vs. 0.27 g/cm(3), range 0.23-0.32). Micro-CT documented significant lowering of BMD values for the second lumbar vertebrae (0.11 g/cm(3), range 0.10-0.12) in comparison to the control group (0.14 g/cm(3), range 0.12-0.17). An incomplete burst fracture type A3.1 was achieved in all cases and resulted in a significant decrease in body angle and vertebral height (KA 4.9°, range: 2-12; SI 4.5%, range: 2-12). With OP1, one minor complication (lesion of small bowel) occurred, while no complications occurred with OP2. CONCLUSIONS: A suitable spinal fracture model for creation of VCFs in osteoporotic sheep was developed. The technique may promote the development of improved surgical solutions for VCF treatment in the experimental and clinical setting.
Authors: Isabel R Dias; José A Camassa; João A Bordelo; Pedro S Babo; Carlos A Viegas; Nuno Dourado; Rui L Reis; Manuela E Gomes Journal: Curr Osteoporos Rep Date: 2018-04 Impact factor: 5.096
Authors: R Müller; A Henss; M Kampschulte; M Rohnke; A C Langheinrich; C Heiss; J Janek; A Voigt; H J Wilke; A Ignatius; J Herfurth; T El Khassawna; A Deutsch Journal: J R Soc Interface Date: 2019-02-28 Impact factor: 4.118
Authors: Anica Eschler; Paula Roepenack; Jan Roesner; Philipp Karl Ewald Herlyn; Heiner Martin; Martin Reichel; Robert Rotter; Brigitte Vollmar; Thomas Mittlmeier; Georg Gradl Journal: Biomed Res Int Date: 2016-02-25 Impact factor: 3.411
Authors: Markus Rupp; Christoph Biehl; Deeksha Malhan; Fathi Hassan; Sameh Attia; Sebastian Rosch; Annemarie B Schäfer; Erin McMahon; Marian Kampschulte; Christian Heiss; Thaqif El Khassawna Journal: Life (Basel) Date: 2021-03-19