Cameron Buckley1, Ella Trembizki1, Basil Donovan2, Marcus Chen3, Kevin Freeman4, Rebecca Guy2, Ratan Kundu5, Monica M Lahra5, David G Regan2, Helen Smith6, David M Whiley7. 1. Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia University of Queensland Child Health Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia. 2. Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia. 3. Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Australia Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3181, Australia. 4. Microbiology Laboratory, Pathology Department, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. 5. WHO Collaborating Centre for STD, Microbiology Department, South Eastern Area Laboratory Services, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia. 6. Public Health Microbiology, Communicable Disease, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Archerfield, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. 7. Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia University of Queensland Child Health Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia UQ Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia d.whiley@uq.edu.au.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to develop a real-time PCR method for specific detection of the gonococcal GyrA amino acid 91 locus directly in clinical samples so as to predict Neisseria gonorrhoeae ciprofloxacin susceptibility. METHODS: The real-time PCR assay, GyrA91-PCR, was designed using two probes, one for detection of the WT S91 sequence and the other for detection of the S91F alteration. The performance of the assay was initially assessed using characterized N. gonorrhoeae isolates (n = 70), a panel of commensal Neisseria and Moraxella species (n = 55 isolates) and clinical samples providing negative results by a commercial N. gonorrhoeae nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) method (n = 171). The GyrA91-PCR was then applied directly to N. gonorrhoeae NAAT-positive clinical samples (n = 210) from the year 2014 for which corresponding N. gonorrhoeae isolates with susceptibility results were also available. RESULTS: The GyrA91-PCR accurately characterized the GyrA 91 locus of all 70 N. gonorrhoeae isolates (sensitivity = 100%, 95% CI = 94.9%-100%), whereas all non-gonococcal isolates and N. gonorrhoeae NAAT-negative clinical samples gave negative results by the GyrA91-PCR (specificity = 100%, 95% CI = 98.4%-100%). When applied to the 210 N. gonorrhoeae NAAT-positive clinical samples, the GyrA91-PCR successfully characterized 195 samples (92.9%, 95% CI = 88.5%-95.9%). When compared with the corresponding bacterial culture results, positivity by the GyrA91-PCR WT probe correctly predicted N. gonorrhoeae susceptibility to ciprofloxacin in 161 of 162 (99.4%, 95% CI = 96.6%-99.9%) samples. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a PCR assay for detection of mutation in gyrA applied directly to clinical samples can predict ciprofloxacin susceptibility in N. gonorrhoeae.
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to develop a real-time PCR method for specific detection of the gonococcal GyrA amino acid 91 locus directly in clinical samples so as to predict Neisseria gonorrhoeaeciprofloxacin susceptibility. METHODS: The real-time PCR assay, GyrA91-PCR, was designed using two probes, one for detection of the WT S91 sequence and the other for detection of the S91F alteration. The performance of the assay was initially assessed using characterized N. gonorrhoeae isolates (n = 70), a panel of commensal Neisseria and Moraxella species (n = 55 isolates) and clinical samples providing negative results by a commercial N. gonorrhoeae nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) method (n = 171). The GyrA91-PCR was then applied directly to N. gonorrhoeae NAAT-positive clinical samples (n = 210) from the year 2014 for which corresponding N. gonorrhoeae isolates with susceptibility results were also available. RESULTS: The GyrA91-PCR accurately characterized the GyrA 91 locus of all 70 N. gonorrhoeae isolates (sensitivity = 100%, 95% CI = 94.9%-100%), whereas all non-gonococcal isolates and N. gonorrhoeae NAAT-negative clinical samples gave negative results by the GyrA91-PCR (specificity = 100%, 95% CI = 98.4%-100%). When applied to the 210 N. gonorrhoeae NAAT-positive clinical samples, the GyrA91-PCR successfully characterized 195 samples (92.9%, 95% CI = 88.5%-95.9%). When compared with the corresponding bacterial culture results, positivity by the GyrA91-PCR WT probe correctly predicted N. gonorrhoeae susceptibility to ciprofloxacin in 161 of 162 (99.4%, 95% CI = 96.6%-99.9%) samples. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a PCR assay for detection of mutation in gyrA applied directly to clinical samples can predict ciprofloxacin susceptibility in N. gonorrhoeae.
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