| Literature DB >> 26538099 |
Luz Arenas-Monreal1, Marlene Cortez-Lugo2, Irene Parada-Toro1, Lilian E Pacheco-Magaña1, Laura Magaña-Valladares3.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of health diagnosis according to the ecohealth approach in rural and urban communities in Mexico.Entities:
Mesh:
Year: 2015 PMID: 26538099 PMCID: PMC4617434 DOI: 10.1590/S0034-8910.2015049005842
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Rev Saude Publica ISSN: 0034-8910 Impact factor: 2.106
Results of the health diagnosis in the rural community La Nopalera and urban community Atlihuayan (Mexico), 2007 to 2011.
| Community | Phase | Population group |
|---|---|---|
| La Nopalera | Approach | 30 ejido farmers, 10 women of the Church, 120 adult women, 180 students, municipal assistant, and ejidal commissioner |
| Diagnosis | All the families were visited and the questionnaire was applied, an exercise in cartography was performed with 8 adults (men and women), high school students and children from the 5th and 6th grades of elementary school. 90 people attended the diagnostic assembly (children), young people and adults, including local authorities | |
| Prioritization/Problematization | A community assembly of prioritization with average assistance of 130 people (children, adolescents and adults). A problematization exercise with 10 community representatives elected at the previous meeting. Including local authorities | |
| Return of results | Community assembly with 60 people. The delivery was made to local authorities/Results were delivered to municipal authorities | |
| Atlihuayan | Approach | 80 adult women, 30 people of the Church |
| Diagnosis | 187 families were visited for the application of the questionnaires (187 of 731 families), cartography exercise with 6 adults and 20 children | |
| Prioritization/Problematization | Did not attend community assemblies and the prioritization exercise was carried out with local authorities and members of the community; 6 people were present | |
| Return of results | 20 adults attended the meeting for return of results, and the diagnosis document was delivered to local authorities |
Demographics characteristics of participants of each community. La Nopalera and Atlihuayan (Mexico), 2007 to 2011.
| Characteristic | Community | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| La Nopalera | Atlihuayan | |||
|
| ||||
| n | % | n | % | |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 309 | 51.9 | 400 | 51.0 |
| Male | 286 | 48.1 | 384 | 49.0 |
| Age (years) | ||||
| Average | 28.3 | 27.8 | ||
| Rango | 0 - 100 | 0 - 91 | ||
| Age by groups | ||||
| 0 to 5 | 65 | 10.9 | 105 | 13.4 |
| 6 to 17 | 188 | 31.6 | 200 | 25.5 |
| 18 to 25 | 66 | 11.1 | 107 | 13.6 |
| 26 to 40 | 114 | 19.2 | 170 | 21.7 |
| 41 to 60 | 98 | 16.5 | 130 | 16.6 |
| > 60 | 64 | 10.7 | 72 | 9.2 |
| Educational Levela | ||||
| Noneb | 45 | 8.6 | 5.4 | 8.0 |
| Elementary School | 259 | 49.6 | 250 | 37.1 |
| High School | 163 | 31.2 | 213 | 31.6 |
| Preparatory | 37 | 7.1 | 127 | 18.8 |
| Teacher’s training degree | 18 | 3.5 | 30 | 4.5 |
| Occupation | ||||
| Home | 145 | 26.8 | 170 | 24.3 |
| Student | 178 | 32.9 | 212 | 30.3 |
| Farmer | 105 | 19.4 | 31 | 4.5 |
| Construction worker | 11 | 2.1 | 47 | 6.7 |
| Employee | 43 | 7.9 | 103 | 14.7 |
| Businessmanc | 26 | 4.8 | 48 | 6.9 |
| Unemployed | 13 | 2.4 | 17 | 2.4 |
| Other | 20 | 3.7 | 71 | 10.2 |
Complete and incomplete education levels.
≥ 18 years.
Formal and informal.
Profile of the studied communities according to the health diagnosis. La Nopalera and Atlihuayan (Mexico), 2007 to 2011.
| Community | La Nopalera | Atlihuayan |
|---|---|---|
| Number of households interviewed | 143 | 200 |
| Marginalization | High | Low |
| Illiteracy (%)a | 12.1 | 9.5 |
| Running water (%) | 0 | 91.0 |
| Sewage treatment (%) | 86.0 | 89.5 |
| Garbage collection by truck | 74.8 | 80.0 |
| Dirt floor (%) | 31.5 | 28.0 |
| Electricity (%) | 97.9 | 98.0 |
| Agglomeration (%)b | 52.4 | 40.0 |
| International migration of at least one member of each family (%) | 34.3 | 16.5 |
≥ 15 years.
2.5 people per room.
Resultados del diagnóstico de salud en la comunidad rural Nopalera, y urbana Atlihuayan (México), 2007 a 2011.
| Comunidad | Fase | Grupo poblacional |
|---|---|---|
| La Nopalera | Acercamiento | 30 ejidatarios, 10 mujeres de la iglesia, 120 mujeres adultas, 180 escolares, Ayudante municipal y Comisariado ejidal |
| Diagnóstico | Se visitó a todas las familias y se aplicó el cuestionario, ejercicio de cartografía con 8 personas adultas (hombres y mujeres), estudiantes de 1º, 2º y 3º grado de la Telesecundaria local y niños(as) de 5º y 6º de la primaria. A la asamblea de diagnóstico acudieron 90 personas (niños(as), jóvenes y adultos(as)), incluyendo autoridades locales | |
| Priorización/Problematización | Una asamblea comunitaria de priorización con una asistencia promedio de 130 personas (niños, adolescentes y adultos). Un ejercicio de problematización con 10 representantes comunitarios previamente elegido en la asamblea anterior. Incluyendo autoridades locales | |
| Devolución de resultados | Asamblea comunitaria con 60 personas y se hizo entrega a autoridades locales/Se devolvieron resultados a las autoridades municipales | |
| Atlihuayan | Acercamiento | 80 mujeres adultas, 30 personas iglesia |
| Diagnóstico | Se visitó a 187 familias para la aplicación del cuestionarios (187 de 731 familias), ejercicio de cartografía con 6 personas adultas y 20 niños(as) | |
| Priorización/Problematización | No acudieron a las asambleas comunitarias y el ejercicio de priorización se efectúo con autoridades locales e integrantes de la comunidad en total fueron 6 personas | |
| Devolución de resultados | Acudieron 20 personas adultas para devolución de resultados y se entregó el documento del diagnóstico a las autoridades locales |
Características sociodemográficas de los participantes de cada comunidad. Nopalera y Atlihuayan (México), 2007 a 2011.
| Característica | Comunidad | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| La Nopalera | Atlihuayan | |||
|
| ||||
| n | % | n | % | |
| Sexo | ||||
| Femenino | 309 | 51.9 | 400 | 51.0 |
| Masculino | 286 | 48.1 | 384 | 49.0 |
| Edad (años) | ||||
| Promedio | 28.3 | 27.8 | ||
| Rango | 0 - 100 | 0 - 91 | ||
| Edad por grupos | ||||
| 0 a 5 | 65 | 10.9 | 105 | 13.4 |
| 6 a 17 | 188 | 31.6 | 200 | 25.5 |
| 18 a 25 | 66 | 11.1 | 107 | 13.6 |
| 26 a 40 | 114 | 19.2 | 170 | 21.7 |
| 41 a 60 | 98 | 16.5 | 130 | 16.6 |
| > 60 | 64 | 10.7 | 72 | 9.2 |
| Nivel educacionala | ||||
| Ningunab | 45 | 8.6 | 5.4 | 8.0 |
| Primaria | 259 | 49.6 | 250 | 37.1 |
| Secundaria | 163 | 31.2 | 213 | 31.6 |
| Preparatoria | 37 | 7.1 | 127 | 18.8 |
| Licenciatura | 18 | 3.5 | 30 | 4.5 |
| Ocupación | ||||
| Hogar | 145 | 26.8 | 170 | 24.3 |
| Estudiante | 178 | 32.9 | 212 | 30.3 |
| Campesino | 105 | 19.4 | 31 | 4.5 |
| Albañil | 11 | 2.1 | 47 | 6.7 |
| Empleado | 43 | 7.9 | 103 | 14.7 |
| Comerciantec | 26 | 4.8 | 48 | 6.9 |
| Desempleado | 13 | 2.4 | 17 | 2.4 |
| Otro | 20 | 3.7 | 71 | 10.2 |
Niveles de educación completos e incompletos.
≥ 18 años.
Formal e informal.
Perfil de las comunidades de estudio de acuerdo con el diagnóstico de salud. Nopalera y Atlihuayan (México), 2007 a 2011.
| Comunidad | La Nopalera | Atlihuayan |
|---|---|---|
| Números de viviendas entrevistadas | 143 | 200 |
| Marginación | Alta | Baja |
| Analfabetismo (%)a | 12.1 | 9.5 |
| Agua entubada (%) | 0 | 91.0 |
| Alcantarillado (%) | 86.0 | 89.5 |
| Recolección de basura por camión | 74.8 | 80.0 |
| Piso de tierra (%) | 31.5 | 28.0 |
| Electricidad (%) | 97.9 | 98.0 |
| Hacinamiento (%)b | 52.4 | 40.0 |
| Migración internacional de al menos un integrante de cada familia (%) | 34.3 | 16.5 |
≥ 15 años.
2.5 por cuarto.
Prioritization with the method adapted from Hanlon. Nopalera and Atlihuayan (Mexico), 2007 to 2011.
| Criterion | Score | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Magnitude: Who does it affect? (people) | Very few | Few | Most | |
| Score | 1 | 3 | 5 | |
| Transcendence: What is the gravity? (severe) | It is not | Little | Serious | Very serious |
| Score | 0 | 2 | 4 | 5 |
| Feasibility: To what extent is it possible to solve the problem? | ||||
| a. Relevant: This is the right time to do something about this problem? | Yes | No | ||
| Score | 1 | 0 | ||
| b. Economical: Are there economic resources (money) to solve this problem? | Yes | No | ||
| Score | 1 | 0 | ||
| c. Acceptability: The community would feel comfortable working with this theme? | Yes | No | ||
| Score | 1 | 0 | ||
| d. Resources: Are there people and materials in the community to work with this problem? | Yes | No | ||
| Score | 1 | 0 | ||
| e. Legality: Is there any law or agreement in the community that would prevent work with this theme? | Yes | No | ||
| Score | 1 | 0 | ||
| Vulnerability: What is the level of difficulty of this problem? | Very difficult | Difficult | Easy | |
| Score | 1 | 3 | 5 | |
Priorización con el método adaptado de Hanlon. Nopalera y Atlihuayan (México), 2007 a 2011.
| Criterio | Puntaje | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Magnitud: ¿A quién afecta? (personas) | Muy pocas | Pocas | La mayoría | |
| Puntaje | 1 | 3 | 5 | |
| Trascendencia: ¿Qué tan grave es? (grave) | No es | Poco | Grave | Muy grave |
| Puntaje | 0 | 2 | 4 | 5 |
| Factibilidad: ¿Qué tan posible es resolver el problema? | ||||
| a. Pertinentes: Este es el momento oportuno para hacer algo en relación a este problema? | Sí | No | ||
| Puntaje | 1 | 0 | ||
| b. Económico: ¿Existen los recursos económicos (dinero) para resolver este problema? | Sí | No | ||
| Puntaje | 1 | 0 | ||
| c. Aceptabilidad: ¿La comunidad se sentiría cómoda de trabajar en este tema? | Sí | No | ||
| Puntaje | 1 | 0 | ||
| d. Recursos: Hay gente y materiales en la comunidad para trabajar con este problema? | Sí | No | ||
| Puntaje | 1 | 0 | ||
| e. Legalidad: Existe alguna ley o acuerdo en la comunidad que impida trabajar con este tema? | Sí | No | ||
| Puntaje | 1 | 0 | ||
| Vulnerabilidad: ¿Qué tan difícil la solución de este problema? | Muy difícil | Difícil | Es fácil | |
| Puntaje | 1 | 3 | 5 | |