Psychological Aspects and Approaches to Pain Management in Cancer Survivors.

Psychological distress increases with the intensity of cancer pain. Cancer pain is often under-reported and under-treated for a variety of complex reasons, including a number of beliefs held by patients, families and healthcare professionals. There is evidence that cognitive behavioural techniques that address catastrophising and promote self-efficacy lead to improved pain management. Group format pain management programmes could contribute to the care of cancer survivors with persistent pain.