Michael Christopher Kurz1, David K Prince2, James Christenson3, Jestin Carlson4, Dion Stub5, Sheldon Cheskes6, Steve Lin7, Michael Aziz8, Michael Austin9, Christian Vaillancourt9, Justin Colvin10, Henry E Wang1. 1. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA. 2. The Clinical Trials Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. 3. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 4. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Saint Vincent Hospital, Erie, PA, USA. 5. Alfred Hospital and Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne Australia. 6. Sunnybrook Center for Prehospital Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Divison of Emergency Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Rescu, Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 7. Rescu, Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. 8. Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA. 9. The Ottawa Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada. 10. Clackamas Fire District #1, Milwaukie, OR, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Select Emergency Medical Services (EMS) practitioners substitute endotracheal intubation (ETI) with supraglottic airway (SGA) insertion to minimize CPR chest compression interruptions, but the resulting effects upon chest compression fraction (CCF) are unknown. We sought to determine the differences in CCF between adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) receiving ETI and those receiving SGA. METHODS: We studied adult, non-traumatic OHCA patients enrolled in the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC) Prehospital Resuscitation using an Impedance valve and an Early vs. Delayed analysis (PRIMED) trial. Chest compressions were measured using compression or thoracic impedance sensors. We limited the analysis to those receiving ETI or SGA (Combitube, King Laryngeal Tube, or Laryngeal Mask Airway) and >2min of chest compression data before and after airway insertion. We compared CCF between ETI and SGA before and after airway insertion, adjusting for age, sex, witnessed arrest, bystander CPR, shockable initial rhythm, public location, PRIMED trial arm, and regional ROC center. We also compared the change in CCF for each airway technique. RESULTS: Of 14,955 patients enrolled in the ROC PRIMED trial, we analyzed 2767 cases, including 2051 ETI, 671 SGA, and 45 both. Among subjects in this investigation the mean age was 66.4 years with a male predominace, 46% with witnessed event, 37% receiving bystander CPR, and 22% presenting with an initially shockable rhythm. Pre- and post-airway CCF was higher for SGA than ETI (SGA pre-airway CCF 73.2% [95%CI: 71.6-74.7%] vs. ETI 70.6% [95%CI: 69.7-71.5%]; post-airway 76.7% [95%CI: 75.2-78.1%] vs. 72.4% [95%CI: 71.5-73.3%]). After adjusting for potential confounders, these significant changes persisted (pre-airway difference 2.2% favoring SGA, p-value=0.046; post-airway 3.4% favoring SGA, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: In patients with OHCA, we detected a slightly higher rate of CCF in patients for whom a SGA was inserted, both before and after insertion. However, the actual differences were so small, that in the context of this observational, secondary analysis, it is unclear if this represents a clinically significant difference.
BACKGROUND: Select Emergency Medical Services (EMS) practitioners substitute endotracheal intubation (ETI) with supraglottic airway (SGA) insertion to minimize CPR chest compression interruptions, but the resulting effects upon chest compression fraction (CCF) are unknown. We sought to determine the differences in CCF between adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) receiving ETI and those receiving SGA. METHODS: We studied adult, non-traumatic OHCApatients enrolled in the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC) Prehospital Resuscitation using an Impedance valve and an Early vs. Delayed analysis (PRIMED) trial. Chest compressions were measured using compression or thoracic impedance sensors. We limited the analysis to those receiving ETI or SGA (Combitube, King Laryngeal Tube, or Laryngeal Mask Airway) and >2min of chest compression data before and after airway insertion. We compared CCF between ETI and SGA before and after airway insertion, adjusting for age, sex, witnessed arrest, bystander CPR, shockable initial rhythm, public location, PRIMED trial arm, and regional ROC center. We also compared the change in CCF for each airway technique. RESULTS: Of 14,955 patients enrolled in the ROC PRIMED trial, we analyzed 2767 cases, including 2051 ETI, 671 SGA, and 45 both. Among subjects in this investigation the mean age was 66.4 years with a male predominace, 46% with witnessed event, 37% receiving bystander CPR, and 22% presenting with an initially shockable rhythm. Pre- and post-airway CCF was higher for SGA than ETI (SGA pre-airway CCF 73.2% [95%CI: 71.6-74.7%] vs. ETI 70.6% [95%CI: 69.7-71.5%]; post-airway 76.7% [95%CI: 75.2-78.1%] vs. 72.4% [95%CI: 71.5-73.3%]). After adjusting for potential confounders, these significant changes persisted (pre-airway difference 2.2% favoring SGA, p-value=0.046; post-airway 3.4% favoring SGA, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: In patients with OHCA, we detected a slightly higher rate of CCF in patients for whom a SGA was inserted, both before and after insertion. However, the actual differences were so small, that in the context of this observational, secondary analysis, it is unclear if this represents a clinically significant difference.
Authors: Jerry P Nolan; Robert A Berg; Stephen Bernard; Bentley J Bobrow; Clifton W Callaway; Tobias Cronberg; Rudolph W Koster; Peter J Kudenchuk; Graham Nichol; Gavin D Perkins; Tom D Rea; Claudio Sandroni; Jasmeet Soar; Kjetil Sunde; Alain Cariou Journal: Intensive Care Med Date: 2017-03-11 Impact factor: 17.440
Authors: Christian Vaillancourt; Ashley Petersen; Eric N Meier; Jim Christenson; James J Menegazzi; Tom P Aufderheide; Graham Nichol; Robert Berg; Clifton W Callaway; Ahamed H Idris; Daniel Davis; Raymond Fowler; Debra Egan; Douglas Andrusiek; Jason E Buick; T J Bishop; M Riccardo Colella; Ritu Sahni; Ian G Stiell; Sheldon Cheskes Journal: Resuscitation Date: 2020-06-20 Impact factor: 5.262
Authors: Laura Goodwin; Katie Samuel; Behnaz Schofield; Sarah Voss; Stephen J Brett; Keith Couper; Doug Gould; David Harrison; Ranjit Lall; Jerry P Nolan; Gavin D Perkins; Jasmeet Soar; Matthew Thomas; Jonathan Benger Journal: J Intensive Care Soc Date: 2020-08-18