Bijou Hunt1, Banujan Balachandran2. 1. Sinai Urban Health Institute, Sinai Health System, 1500 S. California Ave, Room K443, Chicago, IL 60608-1797, USA. Electronic address: bijou.hunt@sinai.org. 2. Rosalind Franklin University, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: This paper presents race-specific lung cancer mortality rates and the corresponding rate ratios for the 50 largest U.S. cities for the 5-year intervals 1990-1994 and 2005-2009. METHODS: The 50 largest cities in the U.S. were the units of analysis. Numerator data were abstracted from national death files where the cause was malignant neoplasms of trachea, bronchus, and lung (lung cancer) (ICD-9=162 and ICD-10=C33-C34). Population-based denominators were obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau for 1990, 2000, and 2010. To measure the racial disparity, we calculated non-Hispanic Black:non-Hispanic White rate ratios (RRs) and confidence intervals for each 5-year period. We calculated correlation coefficients for 12 ecological variables and the RRs. RESULTS: At the final time point (2005-2009), 15RRs were less than 1, but only 8 significantly so while 29RRs were greater than 1, 16 of them significantly so. Of the 45 cities included in the analysis, 21 saw an increase in the Black:White RR between the first and second time points. Measures of socioeconomic status (SES) and inequalities therein were found to be associated with the RRs. CONCLUSION: This analysis revealed large disparities in Black:White lung cancer mortality in the U.S. and many of its largest cities during the period 1990-2009. The data demonstrate considerable variation in the degree of disparity across cities, even among cities within the same state. These data can inform and motivate local health officials to implement targeted prevention and treatment strategies where they are needed most, ultimately contributing to a reduction in the disparity in lung cancer mortality rates.
INTRODUCTION: This paper presents race-specific lung cancer mortality rates and the corresponding rate ratios for the 50 largest U.S. cities for the 5-year intervals 1990-1994 and 2005-2009. METHODS: The 50 largest cities in the U.S. were the units of analysis. Numerator data were abstracted from national death files where the cause was malignant neoplasms of trachea, bronchus, and lung (lung cancer) (ICD-9=162 and ICD-10=C33-C34). Population-based denominators were obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau for 1990, 2000, and 2010. To measure the racial disparity, we calculated non-Hispanic Black:non-Hispanic White rate ratios (RRs) and confidence intervals for each 5-year period. We calculated correlation coefficients for 12 ecological variables and the RRs. RESULTS: At the final time point (2005-2009), 15RRs were less than 1, but only 8 significantly so while 29RRs were greater than 1, 16 of them significantly so. Of the 45 cities included in the analysis, 21 saw an increase in the Black:White RR between the first and second time points. Measures of socioeconomic status (SES) and inequalities therein were found to be associated with the RRs. CONCLUSION: This analysis revealed large disparities in Black:White lung cancer mortality in the U.S. and many of its largest cities during the period 1990-2009. The data demonstrate considerable variation in the degree of disparity across cities, even among cities within the same state. These data can inform and motivate local health officials to implement targeted prevention and treatment strategies where they are needed most, ultimately contributing to a reduction in the disparity in lung cancer mortality rates.
Authors: Haley Gittleman; David J Cote; Quinn T Ostrom; Carol Kruchko; Timothy R Smith; Elizabeth B Claus; Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan Journal: J Neurooncol Date: 2017-06-30 Impact factor: 4.130
Authors: Maureen R Benjamins; Jana L Hirschtick; Bijou R Hunt; Michelle M Hughes; Brittany Hunter Journal: J Racial Ethn Health Disparities Date: 2016-12-06
Authors: Norma E Farrow; Selena J An; Paul J Speicher; David H Harpole; Thomas A D'Amico; Jacob A Klapper; Matthew G Hartwig; Betty C Tong Journal: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Date: 2019-11-13 Impact factor: 5.209
Authors: Karen M Freund; Jennifer S Haas; Stephenie C Lemon; Karen Burns White; Nicole Casanova; Laura S Dominici; John K Erban; Rachel A Freedman; Ted A James; Naomi Y Ko; Amy M LeClair; Beverly Moy; Susan K Parsons; Tracy A Battaglia Journal: Cancer Date: 2019-08-26 Impact factor: 6.860
Authors: John Michael Varlotto; Richard Voland; Kerrie McKie; John C Flickinger; Malcolm M DeCamp; Debra Maddox; Paul Rava; Thomas J Fitzgerald; Geoffrey Graeber; Negar Rassaei; Paulo Oliveira; Suhail Ali; Chandra Belani; Jonathan Glanzman; Heather A Wakelee; Manali Patel; Jennifer Baima; Jianying Zhang; William Walsh Journal: Cancer Med Date: 2018-03-13 Impact factor: 4.452
Authors: Anish J Mehta; Shannon Stock; Stacy W Gray; David R Nerenz; John Z Ayanian; Nancy L Keating Journal: Cancer Med Date: 2018-09-28 Impact factor: 4.452