Christopher J Traynham1, Alessandro Cannavo1, Yan Zhou1, Alexandre G Vouga1, Benjamin P Woodall1, Jonathan Hullmann1, Jessica Ibetti1, Jessica I Gold1, J Kurt Chuprun1, Erhe Gao1, Walter J Koch2. 1. From the Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (C.J.T., A.C., A.G.V., B.P.W., J.H., J.I., J.I.G., J.K.C., E.G., W.J.K.); and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.). 2. From the Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (C.J.T., A.C., A.G.V., B.P.W., J.H., J.I., J.I.G., J.K.C., E.G., W.J.K.); and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.). Walter.Koch@temple.edu.
Abstract
RATIONALE: G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) are dynamic regulators of cellular signaling. GRK5 is highly expressed within myocardium and is upregulated in heart failure. Although GRK5 is a critical regulator of cardiac G protein-coupled receptor signaling, recent data has uncovered noncanonical activity of GRK5 within nuclei that plays a key role in pathological hypertrophy. Targeted cardiac elevation of GRK5 in mice leads to exaggerated hypertrophy and early heart failure after transverse aortic constriction (TAC) because of GRK5 nuclear accumulation. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we investigated the role of GRK5 in physiological, swimming-induced hypertrophy (SIH). METHODS AND RESULTS: Cardiac-specific GRK5 transgenic mice and nontransgenic littermate control mice were subjected to a 21-day high-intensity swim protocol (or no swim sham controls). SIH and specific molecular and genetic indices of physiological hypertrophy were assessed, including nuclear localization of GRK5, and compared with TAC. Unlike after TAC, swim-trained transgenic GRK5 and nontransgenic littermate control mice exhibited similar increases in cardiac growth. Mechanistically, SIH did not lead to GRK5 nuclear accumulation, which was confirmed in vitro as insulin-like growth factor-1, a known mediator of physiological hypertrophy, was unable to induce GRK5 nuclear translocation in myocytes. We found specific patterns of altered gene expression between TAC and SIH with GRK5 overexpression. Further, SIH in post-TAC transgenic GRK5 mice was able to preserve cardiac function. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that although nuclear-localized GRK5 is a pathological mediator after stress, this noncanonical nuclear activity of GRK5 is not induced during physiological hypertrophy.
RATIONALE: G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) are dynamic regulators of cellular signaling. GRK5 is highly expressed within myocardium and is upregulated in heart failure. Although GRK5 is a critical regulator of cardiac G protein-coupled receptor signaling, recent data has uncovered noncanonical activity of GRK5 within nuclei that plays a key role in pathological hypertrophy. Targeted cardiac elevation of GRK5 in mice leads to exaggerated hypertrophy and early heart failure after transverse aortic constriction (TAC) because of GRK5 nuclear accumulation. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we investigated the role of GRK5 in physiological, swimming-induced hypertrophy (SIH). METHODS AND RESULTS: Cardiac-specific GRK5transgenic mice and nontransgenic littermate control mice were subjected to a 21-day high-intensity swim protocol (or no swim sham controls). SIH and specific molecular and genetic indices of physiological hypertrophy were assessed, including nuclear localization of GRK5, and compared with TAC. Unlike after TAC, swim-trained transgenic GRK5 and nontransgenic littermate control mice exhibited similar increases in cardiac growth. Mechanistically, SIH did not lead to GRK5 nuclear accumulation, which was confirmed in vitro as insulin-like growth factor-1, a known mediator of physiological hypertrophy, was unable to induce GRK5 nuclear translocation in myocytes. We found specific patterns of altered gene expression between TAC and SIH with GRK5 overexpression. Further, SIH in post-TAC transgenic GRK5mice was able to preserve cardiac function. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that although nuclear-localized GRK5 is a pathological mediator after stress, this noncanonical nuclear activity of GRK5 is not induced during physiological hypertrophy.
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