Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 (DSM 1128), an Important Rhamnolipid Surfactant Producer and Sterility Testing Strain.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 (DSM1128) is often used as a quality-control strain for sterility and microbial contamination testing and is an important biosurfactant producer. Here, we present the 6.4-Mb draft genome sequence and highlight some genomic differences to its closest relative, P. aeruginosa strain PA7.

GENOME ANNOUNCEMENT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a versatile Gram-negative rod that is found in soil, water, human flora, and most man-made environments throughout the world. It is capable of causing disease in animals, including humans. P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 was originally isolated from an outer-ear infection by C. P. Hegarty in 1943. It is today frequently used as a quality-control strain in sterility and contamination assays. In addition, P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 is an important producer of the biosurfactant rhamnolipid (1). Rhamnolipid produced by P. aeruginosa is the most studied microbial surfactant for bioremediation. Most recently, the strain has been used for testing bacterial biofilm resistance to treatment with cold atmospheric-pressure plasma (2).

While P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 is a widely used, important strain, its complete genome sequence had not been determined. Some single genes of P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 have been sequenced, including some housekeeping genes (3), and it was found that it exhibits high sequence diversity in several analyzed genes (4, 5). P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 appears to be closely related to the taxonomic outliner P. aeruginosa PA7 (3).

In our study, genomic DNA of P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 was isolated using the DNeasy Blood and Tissue kit (Qiagen) and purified using the Wizard SV Gel and PCR cleanup system (Promega). DNA sequencing was performed at the Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics (UNSW, Australia) using Illumina MiSeq technology. A 6,362,326-bp assembly with ~180× coverage was constructed using the A5-miseq pipeline version 20140113 (6). The assembly consists of 80 contigs (>500 bp), with a mean GC content of 66.6%. The annotation was performed with the NCBI Prokaryotic Genomes Automatic Annotation Pipeline (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/annotation_prok), which predicted a total of 5,772 protein-coding genes and 58 tRNAs. The N50 and N90 of the assembly were 294,007 bp and 665,70 bp, respectively.

The closest relative of P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 appears to be P. aeruginosa PA7, a nonrespiratory isolate with a range of antibiotic resistances (3). The draft genome of P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 does not have a number of genes related to antibiotic and heavy-metal resistance that are present in P. aeruginosa PA7, notably UV-light resistance protein B, putative mercury resistance protein, streptomycin 3′-kinase, bleomycin resistance protein, kanamycin kinase type II, aminoglycoside 3′-phosphotransferase, and streptomycin phosphotransferase. The absence of these genes may account for the unique resistance pattern, which has implications for the use of the strain in sterility and contamination assays.

In addition to differences in resistance genes, mucA, a negative regulator of the sigma factor AlgU is absent in P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027. MucA plays a role in the differentiation of P. aeruginosa into the alginate-producing form. Inactivation of mucA (such as through the absence in P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027) has been shown to induce a switch from the nonmucoid to mucoid state, resulting in the constitutive expression of alginate biosynthetic genes (7). The production of rhamnolipid, alginate, and resulting mucoid phenotypes all contribute to biofilm formation and virulence in P. aeruginosa.

Nucleotide sequence accession numbers.

This whole-genome shotgun project has been deposited at DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under the accession number LJGL00000000. The version described in this paper is the first version, LJGL01000000.

Unassembled reads are also available from the NCBI short-read archive (SRA) under the accession number SRR2043045.