Radio-microwave interactions with biological materials.

There are a variety of ways in which a microwave field can affect a biological system. The best understood are those associated with heating, which, in turn, lead to changes in chemical reaction rates and current flows. At high levels, forces associated with the field gradients have been observed, as well as nonlinearities, including the destruction of membranes. At low levels, we discuss the possibility of quantum effects and some limits set by noise.