F-F Jin1, J Boucharel2, I-I Lin3. 1. University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USAjff@hawaii.edu. 2. ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australiabouch@hawaii.edu. 3. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.