Joaquim Bellmunt1, Thian Kheoh2, Margaret K Yu3, Matthew R Smith4, Eric J Small5, Peter F A Mulders6, Karim Fizazi7, Dana E Rathkopf8, Fred Saad9, Howard I Scher8, Mary-Ellen Taplin10, Ian D Davis11, Dirk Schrijvers12, Andrew Protheroe13, Arturo Molina14, Peter De Porre15, Thomas W Griffin3, Johann S de Bono16, Charles J Ryan5, Stéphane Oudard17. 1. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: Joaquim_Bellmunt@dfci.harvard.edu. 2. Janssen Research & Development, San Diego, CA, USA. 3. Janssen Research & Development, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 4. Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 5. Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. 6. Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. 7. Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, France. 8. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA. 9. University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada. 10. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 11. Monash University and Eastern Health, Victoria, Australia. 12. ZNA Middelheim Oncology Clinic, Medical Oncology, Antwerp, Belgium. 13. Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK. 14. Janssen Research & Development, Menlo Park, CA, USA. 15. Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium. 16. The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, UK. 17. Georges Pompidou Hospital, University René Descartes, Paris, France.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The duration of prior hormonal treatment can predict responses to subsequent therapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). OBJECTIVE: To determine if prior endocrine therapy duration is an indicator of abiraterone acetate (AA) sensitivity. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Post-hoc exploratory analysis of randomised phase 3 studies examining post-docetaxel (COU-AA-301) or chemotherapy-naïve mCRPC (COU-AA-302) patients receiving AA. The treatment effect on overall survival (OS), radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response analysed by quartile duration of prior gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) or androgen receptor (AR) antagonist. INTERVENTION: Patients were randomised to AA (1000mg, orally once daily) plus prednisone (5mg, orally twice daily) or placebo plus prednisone. Prior endocrine therapy was GnRHa (COU-AA-301, n=1127 [94%]; COU-AA-302, n=1057 [97%], 45.1 mo or 36.7 mo median duration, respectively) and/or orchiectomy (COU-AA-301, n=78 [7%] COU-AA-302, n=44 [4%]); castrated patients received prior AR antagonists (COU-AA-301, n=1015 [85%]; COU-AA-302, n=1078 [99%], 15.7 mo or 16.1 mo median duration, respectively). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Cox model was used to obtain hazard ratio and associated 95% confidence interval with statistical inference by log rank statistic. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Clinical benefit with AA was observed for OS, rPFS, and PSA response for nearly all quartiles with GnRHa or AR antagonists in both COU-AA-301 and COU-AA-302. In COU-AA-301, patients with a longer duration of prior endocrine therapy tended to have greater AA OS, rPFS, and PSA response benefit, with lead-time chemotherapy bias potentially impacting COU-AA-301 results. Time to castration resistance was not captured. This analysis is limited as a post-hoc exploratory analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In the COU-AA-301 and COU-AA-302 studies, AA produced clinical benefits regardless of prior endocrine therapy duration in patients with mCRPC. PATIENT SUMMARY:Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients derived clinical benefits with abiraterone acetate regardless of prior endocrine therapy duration.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: The duration of prior hormonal treatment can predict responses to subsequent therapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). OBJECTIVE: To determine if prior endocrine therapy duration is an indicator of abiraterone acetate (AA) sensitivity. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Post-hoc exploratory analysis of randomised phase 3 studies examining post-docetaxel (COU-AA-301) or chemotherapy-naïve mCRPC (COU-AA-302) patients receiving AA. The treatment effect on overall survival (OS), radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response analysed by quartile duration of prior gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) or androgen receptor (AR) antagonist. INTERVENTION: Patients were randomised to AA (1000mg, orally once daily) plus prednisone (5mg, orally twice daily) or placebo plus prednisone. Prior endocrine therapy was GnRHa (COU-AA-301, n=1127 [94%]; COU-AA-302, n=1057 [97%], 45.1 mo or 36.7 mo median duration, respectively) and/or orchiectomy (COU-AA-301, n=78 [7%] COU-AA-302, n=44 [4%]); castrated patients received prior AR antagonists (COU-AA-301, n=1015 [85%]; COU-AA-302, n=1078 [99%], 15.7 mo or 16.1 mo median duration, respectively). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Cox model was used to obtain hazard ratio and associated 95% confidence interval with statistical inference by log rank statistic. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Clinical benefit with AA was observed for OS, rPFS, and PSA response for nearly all quartiles with GnRHa or AR antagonists in both COU-AA-301 and COU-AA-302. In COU-AA-301, patients with a longer duration of prior endocrine therapy tended to have greater AA OS, rPFS, and PSA response benefit, with lead-time chemotherapy bias potentially impacting COU-AA-301 results. Time to castration resistance was not captured. This analysis is limited as a post-hoc exploratory analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In the COU-AA-301 and COU-AA-302 studies, AA produced clinical benefits regardless of prior endocrine therapy duration in patients with mCRPC. PATIENT SUMMARY: Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancerpatients derived clinical benefits with abiraterone acetate regardless of prior endocrine therapy duration.
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