Diagnosis and treatment of the navicular syndrome in horses.

Navicular syndrome can be treated in a variety of ways. This is related to the fact that it has a variety of causes. Prognostically, most horses will improve with treatment. One can expect about 50 per cent of the horses to become useably sound for 1 year, no matter what treatment is used. The disease is progressive, and affected horses eventually will need to be retired because of lameness. The author's therapeutic approach is to utilize shoeing as the primary therapy. Shoeing is performed to correct structural problems and to ensure that shoeing is physiologically sound. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are not used unless radical changes have been made in the shoeing. In cases of confirmed distal interphalangeal joint synovitis, either sodium hyaluronate or polysulfated glycosaminoglycans will be used in conjunction with shoeing. In cases where decreased circulation is documented, isoxsuprine hydrochloride will be administered if shoeing alone has not improved the horse within 6 weeks. If therapy does not improve the horse within 6 to 12 weeks, palmar digital neurectomy is recommended.