Marcela Thadeo1, Katherine E Hampilos2, Dennis W Stevenson3. 1. The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd., Bronx, New York 10458-5126 USA Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900 Brazil tmarcela@gmail.com. 2. The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd., Bronx, New York 10458-5126 USA Department of Biology, Oberlin College, 173 W Lorain St, Oberlin, Ohio 44074 USA. 3. The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd., Bronx, New York 10458-5126 USA.
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: An anatomical and developmental study of distantly related fleshy fruits in the monocots was undertaken to better understand the evolution of baccate fruits in the monocot clade as a whole. We studied 14 species with fleshy fruits spanning the Alismatales, Arecales, Asparagales, Commelinales, Dioscoreales, Liliales, and Poales to determine various mechanisms through which baccate fruits attain fleshiness at maturity. METHODS: Flowers and fruits of various stages were collected, sectioned, stained, and examined using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. KEY RESULTS: Three basic pathways for attaining fleshiness were identified within the species examined (true berries, with a uniform pericarp; typical drupes, with an endocarp differentiated by the presence of stony pyrenes; and specialized drupes, involving mesocarp and endocarp differentiated by stone pyrenes). Furthermore, developmental characters differentiating basic fruit types were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Fleshy fruits in the monocots do not develop through a single shared pathway, indicating that fleshiness has evolved multiple times within the clade.
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: An anatomical and developmental study of distantly related fleshy fruits in the monocots was undertaken to better understand the evolution of baccate fruits in the monocot clade as a whole. We studied 14 species with fleshy fruits spanning the Alismatales, Arecales, Asparagales, Commelinales, Dioscoreales, Liliales, and Poales to determine various mechanisms through which baccate fruits attain fleshiness at maturity. METHODS: Flowers and fruits of various stages were collected, sectioned, stained, and examined using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. KEY RESULTS: Three basic pathways for attaining fleshiness were identified within the species examined (true berries, with a uniform pericarp; typical drupes, with an endocarp differentiated by the presence of stony pyrenes; and specialized drupes, involving mesocarp and endocarp differentiated by stone pyrenes). Furthermore, developmental characters differentiating basic fruit types were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Fleshy fruits in the monocots do not develop through a single shared pathway, indicating that fleshiness has evolved multiple times within the clade.
Authors: Josiane Wolff Coutinho; Ana C Rodrigues; Beatriz Appezzato-da-Glória; Eliana M Oliveira; Fernanda M C Oliveira; Makeli G Lusa Journal: Protoplasma Date: 2021-03-02 Impact factor: 3.356
Authors: Mihai Costea; Hiba El Miari; Levente Laczkó; Réka Fekete; Attila V Molnár; Ádám Lovas-Kiss; Andy J Green Journal: PLoS One Date: 2019-12-19 Impact factor: 3.240