Charge Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles Applied as Antibacterial Agents.

Monodisperse silver nanoparticle sols were synthesized via chemical reduction processes in aqueous environment without using polymeric stabilizing agents or surfactants. The sols obtained using various reducing agents; inorganic cell permeabilizers and organic phenolic compounds; inter alia gallic acid (GA) and tannin (TA) were thoroughly characterized by various physicochemical methods such as TEM, SEM, AFM, DLS and micro-electrophoresis. The antibacterial activity of the sols against two E. coli strains was characterized via the determination of the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). All sols exhibited a pronounced bactericidal effect against the standard K12 strain, especially the GA and TA sols showing MBC concentration as low as 1-5 mg L(-1). In the case of the antibiotic resistant strain the highest activity (MBC of 10 mg L(-1)) was observed for the sol synthesized using sodium hypophosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate. Additionally, interactions of silver nanoparticles with bacteria cell were studied using TEM and AFM imaging. It was shown that the silver particles attach to the bacteria surface inducing disintegration, which enables their penetration inside the bacteria. Our measurements confirmed that the surface chemistry of silver nanoparticles can play a decisive role.