Ibironke O Olofin1, Enju Liu2, Karim P Manji3, Goodarz Danaei2, Christopher Duggan4, Said Aboud3, Donna Spiegelman2, Wafaie W Fawzi2. 1. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, U.S.A. iolofin@hsph.harvard.edu. 2. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, U.S.A. 3. Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Nations Rd, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. 4. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, U.S.A. Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, U.S.A.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Over half a million children worldwide develop active tuberculosis (TB) each year. Early-life nutritional exposures have rarely been examined in relation to pediatric TB among HIV-exposed children. We therefore investigated independent associations of early-life nutritional exposures with active TB among HIV-exposed children up to 2 years of age. METHODS:Participants were children from a randomized controlled multivitamin supplementation trial conducted in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, from August 2004 to May 2008, who receiveddaily multivitamin supplements or placebo for 24 months. RESULTS:Lower mean corpuscular volumes [relative risks (RR): 0.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.27, 0.87] and higher birth weights (RR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.99) were protective against active TB, whereas multivitamin supplementation was not associated with TB risk (RR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.65, 1.16). CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of nutrition-related risk and protective factors for TB in HIV-exposed children could enhance preventive and case-finding activities in this population, contributing to efforts to reduce the global TB burden.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Over half a million children worldwide develop active tuberculosis (TB) each year. Early-life nutritional exposures have rarely been examined in relation to pediatric TB among HIV-exposed children. We therefore investigated independent associations of early-life nutritional exposures with active TB among HIV-exposed children up to 2 years of age. METHODS:Participants were children from a randomized controlled multivitamin supplementation trial conducted in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, from August 2004 to May 2008, who received daily multivitamin supplements or placebo for 24 months. RESULTS: Lower mean corpuscular volumes [relative risks (RR): 0.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.27, 0.87] and higher birth weights (RR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.99) were protective against active TB, whereas multivitamin supplementation was not associated with TB risk (RR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.65, 1.16). CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of nutrition-related risk and protective factors for TB in HIV-exposed children could enhance preventive and case-finding activities in this population, contributing to efforts to reduce the global TB burden.
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