A comparative study of rodent ultrasonic vocalizations during copulation.

The temporal patterning of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) during copulation was recorded for male-female pairs of Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus campbelli), prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), and montane voles (Microtus montanus). Each species appears to utilize a single major frequency band for USVs, centered around 31 kHz for the vole species and 71 kHz for hamsters. Djungarian hamsters exhibited low rates of USVs prior to introduction of the female and following ejaculation, but a high USV rate during periods of copulatory activity. Both vole species called at high rates during all stages of the copulatory sequence, although calling rates decreased following ejaculation. Anesthetization trials, where one pair member was awake and the other anesthesized, suggest that it is the male of each species that produces most USVs. The results were compared with six other muroid species for which data on the temporal patterning of USVs during copulation are available. These data extend our knowledge of the patterning of USVs during copulatory behavior and suggest the need for additional comparative investigations.