[The epigenome. Target for innovative therapies in head and neck carcinoma].

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) is a complex and multistage process, which is characterized by the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic aberrations. Most of our knowledge concerning the regulation of gene expression by the epigenome is based on changes in DNA methylation and post-translational histone modifications that affect the phenotypic plasticity of cells under physiological and pathological conditions. STATE OF THE ART: Numerous experimental studies have unraveled the impact of epigenetic alterations during initiation and malignant progression of HNSCC and substantiate their contribution in the context of tumor stem cells and treatment resistance. Due to their stability epigenetic modifications serve as promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and the reversible nature makes key regulators attractive targets for innovative treatment options.