Martí Juanola-Falgarona1,2, Jordi Salas-Salvadó1,2, Pilar Buil-Cosiales2,3, Dolores Corella2,4, Ramón Estruch2,5, Emili Ros2,6, Montserrat Fitó2,7, Javier Recondo2,8, Enrique Gómez-Gracia2,9, Miquel Fiol2,10, José Lapetra2,11, Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós2,12, Lluis Serra-Majem2,13, Xavier Pintó2,14, Miguel A Muñoz2,15, Valentina Ruiz-Gutiérrez2,16, José Alfredo Martínez2,17, Itandehui Castro-Quezada2,13, Mònica Bulló1,2. 1. Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. 2. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. 3. Primary Health Care, Servicio Navarro de Salud, Health Care Centre of Azpilagaña, Pamplona, Spain. 4. Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. 5. Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 6. Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 7. Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (Regicor Study Group), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain. 8. Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Txagorritxu, Vitoria, Spain. 9. Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain. 10. Institute of Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. 11. Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain. 12. Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 13. Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain. 14. Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. 15. Primary Health Care Division and Research, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 16. Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Sevilla, Spain. 17. Nutrition and Food Sciences, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate how glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) are associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its features in middle-aged and elderly adults at high cardiovascular risk. DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal, population-based cohort. SETTING: PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea study. PARTICIPANTS: Men and women (N = 6,606) divided into three age groups (<65, 65-74, ≥75). MEASUREMENTS: Energy and nutrient intake was evaluated using a validated 137-item food frequency questionnaire. MetS and its features were defined in accordance with the criteria of the American Heart Association and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. RESULTS: A positive association was observed between GI and MetS prevalence in the youngest and middle age groups for participants without diabetes mellitus, but no relationship was found for those with diabetes mellitus. During the median follow-up of 4.8 years, higher GI and GL were related to greater risk of MetS in the middle age group, independent of the presence of diabetes mellitus. Changes in dietary GI were associated with risk of developing the high fasting glucose component of the MetS in the oldest age category, and changes in dietary GL were associated with risk of developing abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high blood pressure in the youngest age category. CONCLUSION: Dietary GI and GL have a potential role in the development of MetS and associated clinical features, with particular age-dependent considerations.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate how glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) are associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its features in middle-aged and elderly adults at high cardiovascular risk. DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal, population-based cohort. SETTING: PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea study. PARTICIPANTS: Men and women (N = 6,606) divided into three age groups (<65, 65-74, ≥75). MEASUREMENTS: Energy and nutrient intake was evaluated using a validated 137-item food frequency questionnaire. MetS and its features were defined in accordance with the criteria of the American Heart Association and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. RESULTS: A positive association was observed between GI and MetS prevalence in the youngest and middle age groups for participants without diabetes mellitus, but no relationship was found for those with diabetes mellitus. During the median follow-up of 4.8 years, higher GI and GL were related to greater risk of MetS in the middle age group, independent of the presence of diabetes mellitus. Changes in dietary GI were associated with risk of developing the high fasting glucose component of the MetS in the oldest age category, and changes in dietary GL were associated with risk of developing abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high blood pressure in the youngest age category. CONCLUSION: Dietary GI and GL have a potential role in the development of MetS and associated clinical features, with particular age-dependent considerations.
Authors: Mariane de Mello Fontanelli; Cristiane Hermes Sales; Antonio Augusto Ferreira Carioca; Dirce Maria Marchioni; Regina Mara Fisberg Journal: Eur J Nutr Date: 2017-03-01 Impact factor: 5.614
Authors: Mònica Bulló; Christopher Papandreou; Miguel Ruiz-Canela; Marta Guasch-Ferré; Jun Li; Pablo Hernández-Alonso; Estefania Toledo; Liming Liang; Cristina Razquin; Dolores Corella; Ramon Estruch; Emilio Ros; Montserrat Fitó; Fernando Arós; Miquel Fiol; Lluís Serra-Majem; Clary B Clish; Nerea Becerra-Tomás; Miguel A Martínez-González; Frank B Hu; Jordi Salas-Salvadó Journal: J Nutr Date: 2021-01-04 Impact factor: 4.798
Authors: Adela Hruby; Marta Guasch-Ferré; Shilpa N Bhupathiraju; JoAnn E Manson; Walter C Willett; Nicola M McKeown; Frank B Hu Journal: Diabetes Care Date: 2017-10-04 Impact factor: 19.112
Authors: Nathalie V Kizirian; Janina Goletzke; Shannon Brodie; Fiona S Atkinson; Tania P Markovic; Glynis P Ross; Anette Buyken; Jennie P Brand-Miller Journal: BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care Date: 2017-03-29