Nocturnal enuresis: epidemiology, evaluation, and currently available treatment options.

Treatment of childhood enuresis must begin with a careful history, physical examination, urinalysis, and urine culture to determine if one is dealing with uncomplicated or complicated enuresis. The majority of patients will have uncomplicated enuresis; there are several treatment options available to the physician that can be tailored to the individual patient. Parental support, empathy, and patience are key elements in any successful plan of management of the child with enuresis. Likewise, reassurance, periodic feedback, and encouragement of the parents and child by the physician are necessary for optimal results.