Veronica Macchi1, Andrea Porzionato1, Aldo Morra2, Carla Stecco1, Cinzia Tortorella1, Mirco Menegolo3, Bruno Grignon4, Raffaele De Caro5. 1. Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 65, 35127, Padua, Italy. 2. Section of Radiology, Euganea Medica Center, Via Colombo 3, Sant'Agostino Di Albignasego, Padua, Italy. 3. Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Clinic, Padova University, Padua, Italy. 4. Department of Anatomy and Guilloz Imaging, CHU Nancy, Nancy, France. 5. Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 65, 35127, Padua, Italy. rdecaro@unipd.it.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Recent anatomic investigations of the lateral structures of the knee have rediscovered a ligament, called the antero-lateral ligament (ALL). METHODS: Ten specimens of ALL (6 M, 4 F, mean age 82.3) were sampled from bodies of the Body Donation program of the University of Padova for histological and immuno-histochemical studies. Moreover, a retrospective magnetic resonance (MR) study was carried out in 50 patients (30 M, 20 F, mean age 37.5). MR exams with a normal anatomo-radiological report were selected. RESULTS: From the microscopic point of view the ALL corresponds to a dense connective tissue (mean thickness 893 ± 423 µm), and is composed by collagen I (90 %), collagen III (5 %) and collagen VI (3 %) and scarce elastic fibers (<1 %). On MR exams, ALL appears as a thin linear structure, originating at the lateral epicondyle, running obliquely downwards and forwards, and inserting in the middle third (46 %) or inferior third (14 %) of lateral meniscus and in the lateral aspect of the proximal tibia. It was observed in 47 cases (93 %), with a mean length of 32 ± 4.6 mm and mean thickness of 1.1 ± 0.4 mm. The ALL showed low signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted sequences. CONCLUSION: The ALL shows the typical structure of a fibrous ligament. From the anatomo-radiological point of view the ALL is almost constantly depicted by routine 1.5-T MR scan.
PURPOSE: Recent anatomic investigations of the lateral structures of the knee have rediscovered a ligament, called the antero-lateral ligament (ALL). METHODS: Ten specimens of ALL (6 M, 4 F, mean age 82.3) were sampled from bodies of the Body Donation program of the University of Padova for histological and immuno-histochemical studies. Moreover, a retrospective magnetic resonance (MR) study was carried out in 50 patients (30 M, 20 F, mean age 37.5). MR exams with a normal anatomo-radiological report were selected. RESULTS: From the microscopic point of view the ALL corresponds to a dense connective tissue (mean thickness 893 ± 423 µm), and is composed by collagen I (90 %), collagen III (5 %) and collagen VI (3 %) and scarce elastic fibers (<1 %). On MR exams, ALL appears as a thin linear structure, originating at the lateral epicondyle, running obliquely downwards and forwards, and inserting in the middle third (46 %) or inferior third (14 %) of lateral meniscus and in the lateral aspect of the proximal tibia. It was observed in 47 cases (93 %), with a mean length of 32 ± 4.6 mm and mean thickness of 1.1 ± 0.4 mm. The ALL showed low signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted sequences. CONCLUSION: The ALL shows the typical structure of a fibrous ligament. From the anatomo-radiological point of view the ALL is almost constantly depicted by routine 1.5-T MR scan.
Entities:
Keywords:
Antero-lateral ligament; Knee; Magnetic resonance; Radiologic anatomy; Segond fracture
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