Postpericardiotomy syndrome: etiology, manifestations, and interventions.

Postpericardiotomy syndrome (PPS) is a complication of any cardiac surgery or procedure involving entry into the pericardium. The syndrome presents as a delayed pleural or pericardial reaction, characterized by fever, chest pain, and a friction rub. Although symptoms often identify PPS, diagnosis may be aided by the use of radiography, echocardiography, electrocardiography, and laboratory analysis. PPS can cause considerable discomfort and anxiety. Furthermore, patients are at risk of pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. For these reasons and because the complication often extends hospitalization, health care professionals must familiarize themselves with the syndrome, recognize signs and symptoms early, and plan interventions accordingly.