The role of menopausal hormone therapy in the management of osteoporosis.

It is now 75 years since Fuller Albright published his observations on the causal relationship between menopausal estrogen deficiency and osteoporosis. He introduced the concept of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) for the prevention of osteoporosis. Most of his remarkable observations have stood the test of time and scientific scrutiny. Unfortunately, the uptake of MHT for the prevention of osteoporosis and related fractures remains very low. This can be ascribed to several factors. The availability of new drugs, supported by randomized clinical trials, has increased therapeutic options and created the impression that all new drugs are better compared to MHT. Confusion exists as to the benefit/risk profile of menopausal hormone therapy, limitations on the age of initiation of treatment, limitations on the length of treatment, and the need for treatment in the young menopausal woman with low bone density.