M Al Ghobain1, E H Alhamad2, H S Alorainy3, F Al Kassimi2, H Lababidi4, M S Al-Hajjaj2. 1. Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 2. Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 3. Respiratory Care, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 4. Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Saudi adults aged ⩾40 years using standardised post-bronchodilator spirometry according to the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) protocol. METHODS: Saudi men and women aged ⩾40 years were recruited by stratified multistage random sampling in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Participants completed questionnaires on respiratory symptoms and exposure to risk factors for COPD. Spirometry was performed according to standard methods. COPD was defined as post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC (forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity) ratio <70% (Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease [GOLD]) or less than the lower limit of normal (LLN) (95(th) percentile) of the population distribution for FEV1/FVC. RESULTS: Seven hundred subjects underwent acceptable post-bronchodilator spirometry. The overall prevalence of GOLD COPD was 4.2% (men 5.7%, women 2.5%). The overall prevalence of COPD stage 1 or higher using the LLN was lower than estimates using the GOLD criteria (3.2%). The overall prevalence of GOLD stage 2 or higher COPD was 3.7%. Male sex, increasing age and smoking were significantly associated with COPD diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The overall prevalence of COPD in Saudi Arabia is 4.2%. Male, increasing age and smoking were the main risk factors for COPD.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Saudi adults aged ⩾40 years using standardised post-bronchodilator spirometry according to the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) protocol. METHODS: Saudi men and women aged ⩾40 years were recruited by stratified multistage random sampling in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Participants completed questionnaires on respiratory symptoms and exposure to risk factors for COPD. Spirometry was performed according to standard methods. COPD was defined as post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC (forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity) ratio <70% (Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease [GOLD]) or less than the lower limit of normal (LLN) (95(th) percentile) of the population distribution for FEV1/FVC. RESULTS: Seven hundred subjects underwent acceptable post-bronchodilator spirometry. The overall prevalence of GOLD COPD was 4.2% (men 5.7%, women 2.5%). The overall prevalence of COPD stage 1 or higher using the LLN was lower than estimates using the GOLD criteria (3.2%). The overall prevalence of GOLD stage 2 or higher COPD was 3.7%. Male sex, increasing age and smoking were significantly associated with COPD diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The overall prevalence of COPD in Saudi Arabia is 4.2%. Male, increasing age and smoking were the main risk factors for COPD.
Authors: Khalifa Elmusharaf; Daniel Grafton; Johanna S Jung; Emily Roberts; Yahya Al-Farsi; Ameera Ali Al Nooh; Buthaina Bin Belaila; Amin ElShamy; Hamoud Al-Zuabi; Kholood Ateeq Al Mutawa; Shadha Alraisi; Najla Al Lawat; Ali Gharbal; Shaker Alomary; Alexey Kulikov; Nasim Pourghazian; Slim Slama; Dudley Tarlton; Nicholas Banatvala Journal: BMJ Glob Health Date: 2022-06
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Authors: Bassam H Mahboub; Mayank Gian Vats; Ashraf Al Zaabi; Mohammed Nizam Iqbal; Tarek Safwat; Fatma Al-Hurish; Marc Miravitlles; Dave Singh; Khaled Asad; Salah Zeineldine; Mohamed S Al-Hajjaj Journal: Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis Date: 2017-10-09