Philipp Eisele1, Simon Konstandin2, Martin Griebe1, Kristina Szabo1, Marc E Wolf1, Angelika Alonso1, Anne Ebert1, Julia Serwane1, Christina Rossmanith1, Michael G Hennerici1, Lothar R Schad3, Achim Gass4. 1. Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany. 2. MR-Imaging and Spectroscopy, Faculty 01 (Physics/Electrical Engineering), University of Bremen, Germany/ Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany. 3. Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany. 4. Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany achim.gass@medma.uni-heidelberg.de.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques provide a window into pathological processes in multiple sclerosis (MS). Nevertheless, to date only few studies have performed sodium MRI in MS. OBJECTIVES: We analysed total sodium concentration (TSC) in hyperacute, acute and chronic lesions in MS with (23)Na MRI. METHODS: (23)Na MRI and (1)H MRI were performed in 65 MS patients and 10 healthy controls (HC). Mean TSC was quantified in all MS lesions with a diameter of >5 mm and in the normal appearing white and grey matter (NAWM, NAGM). RESULTS: TSC in the NAWM and the NAGM of MS patients was significantly higher compared to HC (WM: 37.51 ± 2.65 mM versus 35.17 ± 3.40 mM; GM: 43.64 ± 2.75 mM versus 40.09 ± 4.64 mM). Acute and chronic MS lesions showed elevated TSC levels of different extent (contrast-enhancing lesions (49.07 ± 6.99 mM), T1 hypointense lesions (45.06 ± 6.26 mM) and remaining T1 isointense lesions (39.88 ± 5.54 mM)). However, non-enhancing hyperacute lesions with a reduced apparent diffusion coefficient showed a TSC comparable to the NAWM (37.22 ± 4.62 mM). CONCLUSIONS: TSC is not only a sensitive marker of the severity of chronic tissue abnormalities in MS but is also highly sensitive to opening of the blood-brain barrier and vasogenic tissue oedema in contrast-enhancing lesions.
BACKGROUND: Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques provide a window into pathological processes in multiple sclerosis (MS). Nevertheless, to date only few studies have performed sodium MRI in MS. OBJECTIVES: We analysed total sodium concentration (TSC) in hyperacute, acute and chronic lesions in MS with (23)Na MRI. METHODS: (23)Na MRI and (1)H MRI were performed in 65 MS patients and 10 healthy controls (HC). Mean TSC was quantified in all MS lesions with a diameter of >5 mm and in the normal appearing white and grey matter (NAWM, NAGM). RESULTS: TSC in the NAWM and the NAGM of MS patients was significantly higher compared to HC (WM: 37.51 ± 2.65 mM versus 35.17 ± 3.40 mM; GM: 43.64 ± 2.75 mM versus 40.09 ± 4.64 mM). Acute and chronic MS lesions showed elevated TSC levels of different extent (contrast-enhancing lesions (49.07 ± 6.99 mM), T1 hypointense lesions (45.06 ± 6.26 mM) and remaining T1 isointense lesions (39.88 ± 5.54 mM)). However, non-enhancing hyperacute lesions with a reduced apparent diffusion coefficient showed a TSC comparable to the NAWM (37.22 ± 4.62 mM). CONCLUSIONS: TSC is not only a sensitive marker of the severity of chronic tissue abnormalities in MS but is also highly sensitive to opening of the blood-brain barrier and vasogenic tissue oedema in contrast-enhancing lesions.
Authors: Sara Collorone; Ferran Prados; Baris Kanber; Niamh M Cawley; Carmen Tur; Francesco Grussu; Bhavana S Solanky; Marios Yiannakas; Indran Davagnanam; Claudia A M Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott; Frederik Barkhof; Olga Ciccarelli; Ahmed T Toosy Journal: Brain Date: 2021-06-22 Impact factor: 13.501
Authors: Ben Ridley; Armin M Nagel; Mark Bydder; Adil Maarouf; Jan-Patrick Stellmann; Soraya Gherib; Jeremy Verneuil; Patrick Viout; Maxime Guye; Jean-Philippe Ranjeva; Wafaa Zaaraoui Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2018-03-12 Impact factor: 4.379
Authors: Sasha A Philbert; Jingshu Xu; Melissa Scholefield; Stephanie J Church; Richard D Unwin; Garth J S Cooper Journal: Front Aging Neurosci Date: 2022-01-28 Impact factor: 5.750