Julie Yao1, Mark B Johnson2, Scott Tippetts2. 1. Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. 2. Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, MD, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Alcohol-impaired driving contributes to more than 10 000 fatalities in the United States each year. This research estimated the unique effect of enforcement intensity on reductions in alcohol-impaired fatal crashes. DESIGN: We collected data from 30 states (including the District of Columbia) that experienced the greatest changes in alcohol-impaired fatal crashes from 1996 to 2006. Mixed-model regression was used to examine the extent to which year-over-year changes in the intensity of impaired driving enforcement predicted year-over-year reductions of drivers killed in alcohol-involved fatal crashes. SETTING: Data from 30 states were obtained online. PARTICIPANTS: Aggregate state-level data from a total of 279 state-year combinations were analyzed. MEASURES: Our dependent measure was the ratio of drivers involved in fatal crashes with blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) ≥ 0.08 g/dl over drivers involved in fatal crashes with BACs = 0.00 g/dl. Per capita driving under the influence (DUI) arrests and traffic enforcement funding were the primary predictors. Covariates were estimated vehicle miles traveled (VMT); the proportional distributions of gender and racial/ethnic; geographic distribution; the proportion of drivers aged 21-34 years; median family income; and education level. FINDINGS: Analysis revealed that DUI arrests per capita uniquely and significantly predicted reductions in the ratio of fatal crashes (β = -0.753, t(238) = 2.1, P < 0.05) after controlling the covariates. Exploratory analysis suggests the increase in arrest rates was associated with stronger reductions in urban versus rural settings. CONCLUSIONS: Drunk driving enforcement intensity uniquely contributes to reductions in alcohol-impaired crash fatalities after controlling for other factors.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Alcohol-impaired driving contributes to more than 10 000 fatalities in the United States each year. This research estimated the unique effect of enforcement intensity on reductions in alcohol-impaired fatal crashes. DESIGN: We collected data from 30 states (including the District of Columbia) that experienced the greatest changes in alcohol-impaired fatal crashes from 1996 to 2006. Mixed-model regression was used to examine the extent to which year-over-year changes in the intensity of impaired driving enforcement predicted year-over-year reductions of drivers killed in alcohol-involved fatal crashes. SETTING: Data from 30 states were obtained online. PARTICIPANTS: Aggregate state-level data from a total of 279 state-year combinations were analyzed. MEASURES: Our dependent measure was the ratio of drivers involved in fatal crashes with blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) ≥ 0.08 g/dl over drivers involved in fatal crashes with BACs = 0.00 g/dl. Per capita driving under the influence (DUI) arrests and traffic enforcement funding were the primary predictors. Covariates were estimated vehicle miles traveled (VMT); the proportional distributions of gender and racial/ethnic; geographic distribution; the proportion of drivers aged 21-34 years; median family income; and education level. FINDINGS: Analysis revealed that DUI arrests per capita uniquely and significantly predicted reductions in the ratio of fatal crashes (β = -0.753, t(238) = 2.1, P < 0.05) after controlling the covariates. Exploratory analysis suggests the increase in arrest rates was associated with stronger reductions in urban versus rural settings. CONCLUSIONS: Drunk driving enforcement intensity uniquely contributes to reductions in alcohol-impaired crash fatalities after controlling for other factors.
Authors: Gabriel Andreuccetti; Vilma Leyton; Nikolas P Lemos; Ivan Dieb Miziara; Yu Ye; Juliana Takitane; Daniel Romero Munoz; Arthur L Reingold; Cheryl J Cherpitel; Heraclito Barbosa de Carvalho Journal: Addiction Date: 2017-01-03 Impact factor: 6.526
Authors: Kara E MacLeod; Katherine J Karriker-Jaffe; William A Satariano; Tara Kelley-Baker; John H Lacey; David R Ragland Journal: Traffic Inj Prev Date: 2017-01-20 Impact factor: 1.491
Authors: James P Byrne; N Clay Mann; Mengtao Dai; Stephanie A Mason; Paul Karanicolas; Sandro Rizoli; Avery B Nathens Journal: JAMA Surg Date: 2019-04-01 Impact factor: 14.766
Authors: Gabriel Andreuccetti; Vilma Leyton; Heráclito Barbosa Carvalho; Daniele M Sinagawa; Henrique S Bombana; Julio C Ponce; Katharine A Allen; Andres I Vecino-Ortiz; Adnan A Hyder Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2019-08-21 Impact factor: 2.692