Lisette Mbuyi Kalonji1, Annelies Post2, Marie-France Phoba1, Dadi Falay3, Dauly Ngbonda3, Jean-Jacques Muyembe1, Sophie Bertrand4, Pieter-Jan Ceyssens4, Wesley Mattheus4, Jan Verhaegen5, Barbara Barbé2, Laura Kuijpers2, Chris Van Geet6, Octavie Lunguya1, Jan Jacobs7. 1. Department of Clinical Microbiology, National Institute for Biomedical Research Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 2. Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium. 3. Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 4. Belgian National Centre for Salmonella, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels. 5. Department of Microbiology and Immunology. 6. Department of Pediatrics Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. 7. Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium Department of Microbiology and Immunology.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study reports the microbiological landscape of Salmonella Typhi and invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). METHODS: Blood cultures obtained from hospital-admitted patients suspected of bloodstream infection (BSI) in 4 of 11 provinces in DRC (Kinshasa, Bas-Congo, Equateur, and Orientale) were processed. Sampling had started in 2007; the results for the period 2011-2014 are reported. RESULTS: Salmonella Typhi and iNTS were cultured from 194 (1.4%) and 840 (5.9%), respectively, of 14,110 BSI episodes and ranked first among BSI pathogens in adults (65/300 [21.7%]) and children (783/1901 [41.2%]), respectively. A total of 948 of 1034 (91.7%) isolates were available for analysis (164 Salmonella Typhi and 784 iNTS). Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis represented 386 (49.2%) and 391 (49.9%), respectively, of iNTS isolates, fluctuating over time and geography and increasing during the rainy season. Adults accounted for <5% of iNTS BSI episodes. Children <5 years accounted for 20.3% of Salmonella Typhi BSI episodes. Among Salmonella Typhi, rates of multidrug resistance and decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility (DCS) were 37.8% and 37.2%, respectively, and 18.3% displayed combined multidrug resistance and DCS; rates of azithromycin and ceftriaxone resistance were 0.6% and absent, respectively. Among NTS isolates, ≥80% (79.7% of Salmonella Enteritidis and 90.2% of Salmonella Typhimurium isolates) showed multidrug resistance, and <2.5% showed DCS. Combined extended-spectrum β-lactamase production (blaTEM-1 gene) and azithromycin resistance was noted in 12.7% of Salmonella Typhimurium isolates, appearing in Bas-Congo from 2013 onward. CONCLUSIONS: Salmonella Typhi and NTS are major causes of BSI in DRC; their antimicrobial resistance is increasing.
BACKGROUND: This study reports the microbiological landscape of Salmonella Typhi and invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). METHODS: Blood cultures obtained from hospital-admitted patients suspected of bloodstream infection (BSI) in 4 of 11 provinces in DRC (Kinshasa, Bas-Congo, Equateur, and Orientale) were processed. Sampling had started in 2007; the results for the period 2011-2014 are reported. RESULTS:Salmonella Typhi and iNTS were cultured from 194 (1.4%) and 840 (5.9%), respectively, of 14,110 BSI episodes and ranked first among BSI pathogens in adults (65/300 [21.7%]) and children (783/1901 [41.2%]), respectively. A total of 948 of 1034 (91.7%) isolates were available for analysis (164 Salmonella Typhi and 784 iNTS). Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis represented 386 (49.2%) and 391 (49.9%), respectively, of iNTS isolates, fluctuating over time and geography and increasing during the rainy season. Adults accounted for <5% of iNTS BSI episodes. Children <5 years accounted for 20.3% of Salmonella Typhi BSI episodes. Among Salmonella Typhi, rates of multidrug resistance and decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility (DCS) were 37.8% and 37.2%, respectively, and 18.3% displayed combined multidrug resistance and DCS; rates of azithromycin and ceftriaxone resistance were 0.6% and absent, respectively. Among NTS isolates, ≥80% (79.7% of Salmonella Enteritidis and 90.2% of Salmonella Typhimurium isolates) showed multidrug resistance, and <2.5% showed DCS. Combined extended-spectrum β-lactamase production (blaTEM-1 gene) and azithromycin resistance was noted in 12.7% of Salmonella Typhimurium isolates, appearing in Bas-Congo from 2013 onward. CONCLUSIONS:Salmonella Typhi and NTS are major causes of BSI in DRC; their antimicrobial resistance is increasing.
Authors: Issa Guiraud; Annelies Post; Seydou Nakanabo Diallo; Palpouguini Lompo; Jessica Maltha; Kamala Thriemer; Christian Marc Tahita; Benedikt Ley; Karim Derra; Emmanuel Bottieau; Adama Kazienga; Céline Schurmans; Raffaella Ravinetto; Eli Rouamba; Johan Van Griensven; Sophie Bertrand; Halidou Tinto; Jan Jacobs Journal: PLoS One Date: 2017-07-10 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Laura M F Kuijpers; Panha Chung; Marjan Peeters; Marie-France Phoba; Chun Kham; Barbara Barbé; Octavie Lunguya; Jan Jacobs Journal: PLoS One Date: 2018-03-08 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Karen H Keddy; Alfred Musekiwa; Arvinda Sooka; Alan Karstaedt; Trusha Nana; Sharona Seetharam; Maphoshane Nchabaleng; Ruth Lekalakala; Frederick J Angulo; Keith P Klugman Journal: Medicine (Baltimore) Date: 2017-03 Impact factor: 1.889
Authors: Annelies Post; Berenger Kaboré; Mike Berendsen; Salou Diallo; Ousmane Traore; Rob J W Arts; Mihai G Netea; Leo A B Joosten; Halidou Tinto; Jan Jacobs; Quirijn de Mast; André van der Ven Journal: Front Immunol Date: 2021-06-09 Impact factor: 7.561
Authors: Dadi Falay; Laura Maria Francisca Kuijpers; Marie-France Phoba; Hilde De Boeck; Octavie Lunguya; Emmanuel Vakaniaki; Sophie Bertrand; Wesley Mattheus; Pieter-Jan Ceyssens; Raymond Vanhoof; Hugo Devlieger; Chris Van Geet; Erik Verheyen; Dauly Ngbonda; Jan Jacobs Journal: BMC Infect Dis Date: 2016-06-10 Impact factor: 3.090
Authors: Calman A MacLennan; Chisomo L Msefula; Esther N Gondwe; James J Gilchrist; Paul Pensulo; Wilson L Mandala; Grace Mwimaniwa; Meraby Banda; Julia Kenny; Lorna K Wilson; Amos Phiri; Jenny M MacLennan; Elizabeth M Molyneux; Malcolm E Molyneux; Stephen M Graham Journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis Date: 2017-12-07