Emerging Therapeutic Targets for Male Germ Cell Tumors.

Male germ cell tumors (GCTs) are curable cancers, yet 10-15 % of patients with metastatic disease fail cisplatin-based first-line treatments. While therapeutic options have increased for various other cancers, little progress has been made in the management of GCT in the last decades. A better understanding of the molecular alterations underlying the disease and identification of new therapeutic targets are needed. Several phase I/II studies with promising new agents are ongoing or have been completed, but most of those trials have been small and have not included translational research. Therefore, molecular profiles predictive for response or new agents have not been identified in male GCT so far. The purpose of this review is to highlight emerging targets and therapies with the potential to improve systemic treatment of metastatic male GCT and to develop strategies for future clinical trials.