Lianne A Urada1, Sonja Halterman2, Anita Raj3, Kiyomi Tsuyuki3, Nymia Pimentel-Simbulan4, Jay G Silverman3. 1. Division of Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. Electronic address: lurada@ucsd.edu. 2. School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. 3. Division of Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. 4. Department of Behavioral Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To explore factors associated with trafficking (deceptive/coercive entry to sex trade) among female bar/spa entertainers who traded sex in the Philippines. METHOD: Female bar/spa entertainers who traded sex in the past 6months were recruited from 25bar/spa venues in Metro Manila (April 2009-January 2010) and assessed via cross-sectional survey data collection for HIV-risk-related socio-structural factors associated with deceptive/coercive entry into the sex trade. The study employed hierarchical linear modeling. RESULTS: Of 166bar/spa entertainers assessed, 19 (11.4%) reported being deceived/coerced (i.e. trafficked) into their first jobs. Trafficking history was independently associated with current drug use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-3.97) decreased availability of condoms at venues for entertainers (AOR 0.18; 95% CI 0.05-0.71) and, conversely, increased peer support for practicing safer sex behaviors (AOR 3.08; 95% CI 1.63-5.09). Those deceived/coerced into their positions were more likely than non-trafficked women to have been recruited by an agency who came to their rural province (AOR 12.07; 95% CI 1.77-82.25) as opposed to getting the job from advertisement (AOR 0.10; 95% CI 0.02-0.65) or a friend/acquaintance (AOR 0.02; 95% CI 0.00-0.48). CONCLUSION: The findings have implications for designing interventions to prevent and target trafficked women in the Philippines who may be more vulnerable to substance use and, potentially, HIV infection.
OBJECTIVE: To explore factors associated with trafficking (deceptive/coercive entry to sex trade) among female bar/spa entertainers who traded sex in the Philippines. METHOD: Female bar/spa entertainers who traded sex in the past 6months were recruited from 25bar/spa venues in Metro Manila (April 2009-January 2010) and assessed via cross-sectional survey data collection for HIV-risk-related socio-structural factors associated with deceptive/coercive entry into the sex trade. The study employed hierarchical linear modeling. RESULTS: Of 166bar/spa entertainers assessed, 19 (11.4%) reported being deceived/coerced (i.e. trafficked) into their first jobs. Trafficking history was independently associated with current drug use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-3.97) decreased availability of condoms at venues for entertainers (AOR 0.18; 95% CI 0.05-0.71) and, conversely, increased peer support for practicing safer sex behaviors (AOR 3.08; 95% CI 1.63-5.09). Those deceived/coerced into their positions were more likely than non-trafficked women to have been recruited by an agency who came to their rural province (AOR 12.07; 95% CI 1.77-82.25) as opposed to getting the job from advertisement (AOR 0.10; 95% CI 0.02-0.65) or a friend/acquaintance (AOR 0.02; 95% CI 0.00-0.48). CONCLUSION: The findings have implications for designing interventions to prevent and target trafficked women in the Philippines who may be more vulnerable to substance use and, potentially, HIV infection.
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