Sophie Ploos van Amstel1, Judith L Vogelzang2, Marcus V Starink3, Kitty J Jager4, Jaap W Groothoff1. 1. Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Emma Children's Hospital and. 2. Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Emma Children's Hospital and J.L.Vogelzang@amc.uva.nl. 3. Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and. 4. European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association, Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: ESRD is associated with an increased risk of malignancies. We analyzed the incidence of cancer in patients with pediatric ESRD after long-term follow-up. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: All Dutch patients born before 1979 who were transplanted at age <15 years old in 1972-1992 were followed until 2010. We explored type and incidence of malignancies in patients compared with the general population using the National Cancer Registry. RESULTS: After a median of 25.3 years (1.3-37.8) of transplantation and at a median age of 33.5 years old (11.0-49.0), 105 primary malignancies had occurred in 54 of 249 patients. Among them, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma was most frequent. Patients ages 25-30 years old had developed 16.5 times (95% confidence interval, 7.9 to 34.6) as many de novo tumors and 991 times (95% confidence interval, 313 to 3137) as many de novo cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas as their general population counterparts; in survivors ages 45-50 years old, these numbers were 81.5 (95% confidence interval, 50.7 to 131.1) and 2610 (95% confidence interval, 1596 to 4267), respectively. Cumulative incidence competing risk analysis showed that, after 30 years of transplantation, 41% of the survivors had developed cancer; 31% had developed a second de novo cancer <1 year after initial cancer diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Cancer is highly prevalent among patients with pediatric ESRD after 25.3 years of transplantation, with a high rate of recurrence.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:ESRD is associated with an increased risk of malignancies. We analyzed the incidence of cancer in patients with pediatric ESRD after long-term follow-up. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: All Dutch patients born before 1979 who were transplanted at age <15 years old in 1972-1992 were followed until 2010. We explored type and incidence of malignancies in patients compared with the general population using the National Cancer Registry. RESULTS: After a median of 25.3 years (1.3-37.8) of transplantation and at a median age of 33.5 years old (11.0-49.0), 105 primary malignancies had occurred in 54 of 249 patients. Among them, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma was most frequent. Patients ages 25-30 years old had developed 16.5 times (95% confidence interval, 7.9 to 34.6) as many de novo tumors and 991 times (95% confidence interval, 313 to 3137) as many de novo cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas as their general population counterparts; in survivors ages 45-50 years old, these numbers were 81.5 (95% confidence interval, 50.7 to 131.1) and 2610 (95% confidence interval, 1596 to 4267), respectively. Cumulative incidence competing risk analysis showed that, after 30 years of transplantation, 41% of the survivors had developed cancer; 31% had developed a second de novo cancer <1 year after initial cancer diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS:Cancer is highly prevalent among patients with pediatric ESRD after 25.3 years of transplantation, with a high rate of recurrence.
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