Omar Diouri1, Jerome Place1, Magali Traverso2, Vera Georgescu3, Marie-Christine Picot4, Eric Renard5. 1. Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS UMR 5203, INSERM U1191, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France. 2. Montpellier University Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, Montpellier, France. 3. Montpellier University Hospital, Department of Medical Information, Unit of Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Montpellier, France. 4. Montpellier University Hospital, Department of Medical Information, Unit of Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Montpellier, France INSERM Clinical Investigation Centre 1411, Montpellier, France. 5. Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS UMR 5203, INSERM U1191, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France Montpellier University Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, Montpellier, France Montpellier University Hospital, Department of Medical Information, Unit of Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Montpellier, France e-renard@chu-montpellier.fr.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Meal lipids (LIP) and proteins (PRO) may influence the effect of insulin doses based on carbohydrate (CHO) counting in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We developed a smartphone application for CHO, LIP, and PRO counting in daily food and assessed its usability in real-life conditions and potential usefulness. METHODS: Ten T1D patients used the android application for 1 week to collect their food intakes. Data included meal composition, premeal and 2-hour postmeal blood glucose, corrections for hypo- or hyperglycemia after meals, and time for entering meals in the application. Meal insulin doses were based on patients' CHO counting (application in blinded mode). Linear mixed models were used to assess the statistical differences. RESULTS: In all, 187 meals were analyzed. Average computed CHO amount was 74.37 ± 31.78 grams; LIP amount: 20.26 ± 14.28 grams and PRO amount: 25.68 ± 16.68 grams. Average CHO, LIP, and PRO contents were significantly different between breakfast and lunch/dinner. The average time for meal entry in the application moved from 3-4 minutes to 2.5 minutes during the week. No significant impact of LIP and PRO was found on available blood glucose values. CONCLUSION: Our study shows CHO, LIP, and PRO intakes can be easily captured by an application on smartphone for meal entry used by T1D patients. Although LIP and PRO meal contents did not influence glucose levels when insulin doses were based on CHO in this pilot study, this application could be used for further investigation of this topic, including in closed-loop conditions.
BACKGROUND: Meal lipids (LIP) and proteins (PRO) may influence the effect of insulin doses based on carbohydrate (CHO) counting in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We developed a smartphone application for CHO, LIP, and PRO counting in daily food and assessed its usability in real-life conditions and potential usefulness. METHODS: Ten T1D patients used the android application for 1 week to collect their food intakes. Data included meal composition, premeal and 2-hour postmeal blood glucose, corrections for hypo- or hyperglycemia after meals, and time for entering meals in the application. Meal insulin doses were based on patients' CHO counting (application in blinded mode). Linear mixed models were used to assess the statistical differences. RESULTS: In all, 187 meals were analyzed. Average computed CHO amount was 74.37 ± 31.78 grams; LIP amount: 20.26 ± 14.28 grams and PRO amount: 25.68 ± 16.68 grams. Average CHO, LIP, and PRO contents were significantly different between breakfast and lunch/dinner. The average time for meal entry in the application moved from 3-4 minutes to 2.5 minutes during the week. No significant impact of LIP and PRO was found on available blood glucose values. CONCLUSION: Our study shows CHO, LIP, and PRO intakes can be easily captured by an application on smartphone for meal entry used by T1D patients. Although LIP and PRO meal contents did not influence glucose levels when insulin doses were based on CHO in this pilot study, this application could be used for further investigation of this topic, including in closed-loop conditions.
Authors: Allen Sussman; Elizabeth J Taylor; Mona Patel; Jeanne Ward; Shridhara Alva; Andrew Lawrence; Ronald Ng Journal: J Diabetes Sci Technol Date: 2012-03-01
Authors: Kirstine J Bell; Carmel E Smart; Garry M Steil; Jennie C Brand-Miller; Bruce King; Howard A Wolpert Journal: Diabetes Care Date: 2015-06 Impact factor: 19.112